Burden of Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among New Cases in Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia

Elhassan, Mogahid M.; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Elmekki, Miskelyemen A.; Turkistani, Khalid A.; Abdul-Aziz, Ahmed A.

doi:10.2174/1871526517666161116104242

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Age and sex differences among Saudi-and nonSaudi-TB patients were not statistically significant in this study. Similar findings were found in previous studies [13,14], in 622 Primary TB patients surveyed, in Madinah Al-Munawara in Saudi Arabia, a seasonal overcrowded area during Hajj and Umrah, either nationality or gender was not associated with MDRTB [13]. However, the frequency of non-Saudi was higher than that of Saudi [15], according to a previous report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the current report, the percentage of MDR-TB was 1.1 % with no substantial difference in any form of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs between Saudi and non-Saudi TB patients. These findings were consistent with Elhassan et al which found that MDR-TB was not associated with either nationality or gender [13]. This would lead to designating Saudi Arabia's health strategy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Adding to this was the highest prevalence of antituberculosis resistance for isoniazid followed by streptomycin and MDR-TB rifampicin (6.7%) in a separate study [25]. A further research found isoniazid mono-resistance (1.8%), rifampicin (1.4%), streptomycin (1.9%), and pyrazinamide (2.1%) [13]. In 2014, Somily and his co-investigators announced that the isoniazid resistance rate was (10.6%), rifampicin was (2.0 %), streptomycin was (6 %) and MDR (0.7 %) was [14] according to a preliminary Saudi analysis on TB drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of GeneXpert assay performance for pulmonary tuberculosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A two years’ surveillance study

Alqawwas

Jiman-Fatani

El-Sokkary

et al. 2020

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Evaluation of GeneXpert assay performance for pulmonary tuberculosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A two years’ surveillance study

Alqawwas

Jiman-Fatani

El-Sokkary

et al. 2020

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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“…Prevalence in this study is similar to a recent study from Madinah Almunawarrah, where it was reported to be 4.0%. 9 However, a study from the Najran region of Saudi Arabia reported a very high prevalence (20.6%) of MDR TB. 10 A possible reason for this high prevalence as mentioned by the authors is that the Najran region is close to the border of Yemen, which has the highest TB burden in the region and there was frequent movement of people across the border.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Sambas

Rabbani

Algethamy

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background and Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health issue. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB has further complicated the situation in the form of poor treatment outcomes and costs to individuals and health-care systems. We therefore aimed to measure the prevalence and associated risk factors of MDR TB among TB patients in Makkah city. Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, a public-sector hospital in Makkah. We included records of 158 confirmed TB patients from the list of all patients admitted in the hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 by systematic random sampling. Data were collected on socio-demographics, clinical profile and drug resistance patterns. Analysis was done in SPSS version 21.0. Results The mean age of the participants was 43.4 ± 18.7 years, and two-thirds (66.5%) were male. About 40% of the patients had chronic disease while lung disease other than TB was present in 5% patients. About 13% of cases were extrapulmonary infections. Prevalence of drug resistance was found to be 17.1% among TB patients. Among the resistant cases, streptomycin (25.9%) and isoniazid (11.1%) were the drugs most commonly affected by resistance. Prevalence of MDR TB was 5% among TB patients. Age, smoking, lung disease and previous TB were significant factors associated with MDR TB. Conclusion Prevalence of MDR TB, although comparable to current national estimates, is higher compared to previous reports. There is a need to reduce this burden through strengthening TB control programs to prevent further emergence of a public health threat of MDR TB. History of previous TB was the strongest risk factor in this study. This calls physicians, program managers and policy makers to focus on counselling and support of TB patients for compliance with the regimen to complete treatment without interruption.

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“…Infection with TB is the leading cause of mortality among HIVinfected patients. According to World Health Organization, 25% of fatalities among people infected with HIV are due to the TB disease [7]. The CDC has reported that infection with HIV is the major factor for transforming latent TB infection into an active disease [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Rapid, Multiplexed Detection of TB and HIV Biomarkers in Whole Blood Samples

Litvinov¹,

St²,

Gj³

et al. 2017

J Bioengineer & Biomedical Sci

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Infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis represents a significant threat to people with immune disorders, such as HIV-positive individuals, and can result in significant health complications or death if not diagnosed and treated early. We present a centrifugal microfluidic platform for multiplexed detection of tuberculosis and HIV biomarkers in human whole blood with minimal sample preparation and a sample-to-answer time of 30 minutes. This multiplexed assay was developed for the detection of two M.tuberculosis secreted proteins, whose secretion represents an active and ongoing infection, as well as detection of HIV p24 protein and human anti-p24 antibodies. The limit of detection for this multiplex assay is in the pg/mL range for both HIV and M.tuberculosis proteins, making this assay potentially useful in the clinical diagnosis of both HIV and Tuberculosis proteins indicative of active infection. Antigen detection for the HIV assay sensitivity was 89%, the specificity 85%. Serological detection had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the limited sample pool. The centrifugal microfluidic platform presented here offers the potential for a portable, fast and inexpensive multiplexed diagnostic device that can be used in resource-limited settings for diagnosis of TB and HIV.

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Burden of Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among New Cases in Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of GeneXpert assay performance for pulmonary tuberculosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A two years’ surveillance study

Evaluation of GeneXpert assay performance for pulmonary tuberculosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A two years’ surveillance study

<p>Prevalence and Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</p>

Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform for Rapid, Multiplexed Detection of TB and HIV Biomarkers in Whole Blood Samples

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