Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia

Ghaffar, Abdul; Reddy, K. Srinath; Singhi, Monica

doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7443.807

Cited by 377 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…41,42 Diabetic patients in India were reported to be high, already exceeded 32.7 million in 2000. 28 Similar higher trend of diabetes was seen in young stroke patients in India. 17 Prevalence of diabetes in urban areas was found to be higher in Nepal and Bangladesh, 15% and 8% respectively.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitussupporting

confidence: 54%

“…27 The prevalence of hypertension is higher in South Asia and is predominant in urban areas: 23% in Pakistan, 17% in Sri Lanka and 20-40% in India. 28 In a hospital based prospective study in Nepal, hypertension was reported 78% in patients ≥60years and 74% in patients of age-group 40-59 years 29 which is higher than other previous studies. 16,26 A study in Pakistan reported the increase in frequency of young stroke is due to higher prevalence of early onset of hypertension in their community.…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 40%

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Young Ischemic Stroke in South Asia: A review

Ojha

Huang

et al. 2013

J Adv Intern Med

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Section: Diabetes Mellitussupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Young Ischemic Stroke in South Asia: A review

Ojha

Huang

et al. 2013

J Adv Intern Med

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“…33 In a response to a systematic review by Ghaffar et al in 2004, Gupta projected a more than two-fold increase in CHD mortality by the year 2020 as compared to the numbers in 1990 (the projected mortality in 2020 is 2584000 as compared to 1,175,000 deaths in 1990). 34 Murray and Lopez in their Global Burden of Disease study project 4.8 million CVD deaths by the year 2020 AD, with majority of deaths occurring in middle age (47.7% of all CVD deaths). India will have lost 43.5 million DALYs by the year 2020 due to CVD.…”

Section: Indian Scenario Of Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Nag

Ghosh

2014

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

118

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally and are the leading cause of death in India also. Several surveys conducted across the country over the past few decades have shown a rising prevalence of major risk factors for CVD in Asian Indian population. The problem of increasing risk factors for CVD in India is because of lack of surveillance system and lack of proper diagnosis. This study will help to point out the need of research so that some advanced diagnosis system may be developed for proper diagnosis of CVDs and to reduce the growing burden of CVDs in the country. Methods: We did a literature search for the period from 1968 to 2012 using PUBMED search to identify all relevant studies of cardiovascular diseases. Besides PUBMED searching, manual searching has also been done. This article provides a review of current understanding of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, particularly, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and related risk factors in Asian Indian population. Results: Hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent among Asian Indian population, which may explain their high rate of stroke and heart attack in India. The increasing rate of CVD may be explained by the high rates of other risk factors including adverse lipid profile. The etiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is multifactorial and no single factor is an absolute cause. Conclusion: The cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors are increasing with a rapid pace in Asian Indian population. Though the prevalence of CVD risk factors is found higher in urban population, yet it is increasing at an alarming rate in rural population also, which is a serious threatening to the nation. Since majority of the Indians live in rural area, CVD may lead to epidemic proportions. We need health promotion programs and reorientation of primary health care to improve CVD detection in earlier stage and its management.

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“…Cardiovascular disease occurs at a younger age in Indians compared with other populations [3]. The huge burden of cardiovascular disease in India and other countries of this subcontinent is attributed to a high prevalence of the risk factors, particularly diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk factors in the normoglycaemic Asian-Indian population—influence of urbanisation

Snehalatha

Ramachandran

2009

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in normoglycaemic Asian-Indians and its association with urbanisation and plasma glucose. Methods Data on 5,517 normoglycaemic individuals aged ≥20 years (1,521, 1,851 and 2,145 inhabitants of a city, a town and villages, respectively), from a 2006 diabetes survey, were used. The presence of single and multiple abnormalities, including obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, was analysed. Risk associations for hypertension and dyslipidaemia were analysed using multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounding variables. Results Both the prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk variables were higher in urban areas than in villages, and were higher in the city than in the town. Nearly half (47%) of the normoglycaemic individuals from villages had at least one risk factor. Age, male sex, BMI, waist circumference, lack of physical activity and living in an urban environment were associated with hypertension and dyslipidaemia; postprandial glucose level showed no association with hypertension or dyslipidaemia after adjusting for these risk factors. Fasting plasma glucose level showed an independent association with dyslipidaemia. Conclusions/interpretation There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors even among normoglycaemic individuals, and this is highest in urban areas. Fasting plasma glucose level showed an association with dyslipidaemia but not hypertension.

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Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia

Cited by 377 publications

References 21 publications

Young Ischemic Stroke in South Asia: A review

Young Ischemic Stroke in South Asia: A review

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: A systematic review

Cardiovascular risk factors in the normoglycaemic Asian-Indian population—influence of urbanisation

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