Objective: To develop and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), a questionnaire used for the screening of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and of the most severe form of PMS, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The PSST also rates the impact of premenstrual symptoms on daily activities. Methods: A consecutive sample of 801 women aged X 18 years completed the study protocol. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and content validity of the Brazilian PSST were determined. The independent association of a positive screen for PMS or PMDD and quality of life determined by the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref) was also assessed. Results: Of 801 participants, 132 (16.5%) had a positive screening for PMDD. The Brazilian PSST had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and test-retest reliability. The PSST also had adequate convergent/discriminant validity, without redundancy. Content validity ratio and content validity index were 0.61 and 0.94 respectively. Finally, a positive screen for PMS/PMDD was associated with worse WHOQOL-Bref scores. Conclusions: These findings suggest that PSST is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for PMS/ PMDD in Brazilian women.Keywords: premenstrual dysphoric disorder; mood disorders; quality of life; premenstrual symptoms screening tool; psychiatry
IntroductionFemale reproductive life events are often accompanied by physical and psychological challenges associated with a negative impact on women's functioning. 1 One such example is premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a cluster of recurrent physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms occurring during the late luteal phase and disappearing within a few days of the onset of menses. [2][3][4] As many as 80% of women experience at least one of the PMS symptoms 3,5,6 described in the ICD-10, 7 which include, but are not limited to, mild psychological discomfort, feelings of bloating and weight gain, breast tenderness, swelling of hands and feet, various aches and pains, poor concentration, sleep disturbances, and changes in appetite.Moderate to severe PMS affects 20-35% of women and may cause significant functional impairment and deterioration of interpersonal relationships. 1 In turn, the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), the most severe form of PMS, has been estimated to vary from 3-8% among women of reproductive age. PMDD is a cyclical disorder closely related to the menstrual cycle, disappearing during pregnancy and after menopause. 8 PMDD has deleterious effects on quality of life (QOL), [9][10][11][12] with a burden similar to that of dysthymia or major depressive disorder. 13,14 The definition of PMDD in both DSM-IV and DSM-5 is based upon a peri-menstrual pattern of at least one among four key affective symptoms (markedly depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts; marked anxiety, tension; marked affective lability; persistent anger or irritability, incr...