Burden of Self-reported Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Cuba

Prieto, Pablo; Finley, Rita; Muchaal, Pia K.; Guerin, Michele T.; Isaacs, Sandy; Domínguez, A; Marie, Gisele Coutin; Pérez, Enrique Chinarro

doi:10.3329/jhpn.v27i3.3377

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…also found a similar estimate of 7% for infectious gastrointestinal illness among respondents in Australia ( 15 ). In contrast, other studies in the USA ( 10 , 11 ) (July 1996–June 1997 and July 1998–June 1999), Canada ( 13 , 14 , 19 ), Queensland ( 29 ), and Cuba ( 8 ) found much higher estimates (8.6-15.5%) of acute diarrhoea compared to that in our study. In Malta, the rate for infectious intestinal disease was slightly lower than that of ours (3.2%) ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Determinants of Acute Diarrhoea in Malaysia: A Population-based Study

Kaur

Tee

Amal³

et al. 2011

J Health Popul Nutr

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Acute diarrhoea is a major health problem in many parts of the world, contributing to about 1.8 million deaths globally. The objectives of the study were to assess the incidence, determinants, and severity of acute diarrhoea in the population. A nation-wide cross-sectional survey involving about 57,000 respondents was conducted via face-to-face interview among eligible respondents of all ages. An acute diarrhoeal episode was defined as having three or more episodes of loose stools in any 24-hour period within the past four weeks before the interview. The severity was measured by duration of acute diarrhoea and associated symptoms. The variables tested as determinants were age, sex, ethnicity, the highest educational level, total monthly household income, and locality. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate procedures meant for complex study design were used in the analyses. The four-week incidence of acute diarrhoea was 5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-5.2]. The incidence of acute diarrhoea among the estimated population was the highest among young adults aged 20-29 years, Other Bumiputras (the pre-dominant ethnic group in East Malaysia), those with tertiary-level of education, those earning a monthly household income of less than RM 400, and rural dwellers. Only age, ethnicity, the highest level of education attained, and locality were significantly associated with acute diarrhoea in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, these four variables were found to be the determinants of acute diarrhoea. Sex and monthly household income were excluded from the model. The mean duration of acute diarrhoea was 2.0 days (standard deviation 1.3). Forty-six percent of the respondents reported stomach cramps as an associated symptom. The findings revealed that acute diarrhoea is still a major public-health concern in Malaysia and grossly under-notified. There is a need for intensification of public-health intervention efforts to reduce the incidence of acute diarrhoea while improving surveillance and notification of the disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies in Argentina, the USA, Malta, and Australia also did not find any differences between the sexes ( 7 , 10 , 11 , 21 , 29 ). In Cuba however, males had higher morbidity due to acute gastrointestinal disease than females ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Determinants of Acute Diarrhoea in Malaysia: A Population-based Study

Kaur

Tee

Amal³

et al. 2011

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…Municipal surveillance data for Gálvez support the seasonal trend observed in this study; during the same timeframe, surveillance data showed a peak of GI prevalence in the high season (Phase 1) that was approximately three times the prevalence seen in the low season (Phase 2). A seasonal effect was also observed in a Cuban study in 2005–2006, where the prevalence of GI was approximately 2–5 fold greater in the rainy season compared to the dry season ( 10 ). Likewise, in Gálvez, the high season of GI coincided with more rainfall, and the low season of GI coincided with less rainfall [Oliveros Weather Station, Santa Fe, Argentina, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…However, it was striking that, in Phase 1 (but not Phase 2), all cases aged less than15 years were male (n=8, data not shown). Similarly, results of a Cuban study indicate that, when controlling for season, sentinel site, and age-group, there was a higher risk for males than for females, supporting this potential relationship ( 10 ). A study in England and Wales on demographic determinants of Campylobacter -associated infections also found an increased risk among males between birth and 17 years of age ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Households were randomly selected proportionally by neighbourhood population from a community census using the Epidat software (version 3.1) (Pan American Health Organization, 2006). The individual in the household with the next birthday was selected to participate in the survey as is commonly done in population surveys to achieve a random sample ( 10 , 14 – 17 ). If the selected individual declined or no one lived at the residence, the neighbouring house, that being the next closest house, was selected conveniently by the surveyor, as replacement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burden of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Gálvez, Argentina, 2007

Thomas

Pérez

Majowicz

et al. 2010

J Health Popul Nutr

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This study evaluated the magnitude and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (GI) in Gálvez, Argentina, and assessed the outcome of a seven-day versus 30-day recall period in survey methodology. A cross-sectional population survey, with either a seven-day or a 30-day retrospective recall period, was conducted through door-to-door visits to randomly-selected residents during the ‘high’ and the ‘low’ seasons of GI in the community. Comparisons were made between the annual incidence rates obtained using the seven-day and the 30-day recall period. Using the 30-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rates was 0.43 (low season of GI) and 0.49 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. Using the seven-day recall period, the mean annual incidence rate was 0.76 (low season of GI) and 2.66 (high season of GI) episodes per person-year. This study highlights the significant burden of GI in a South American community and confirms the importance of seasonality when investigating GI in the population. The findings suggest that a longer recall period may underestimate the burden of GI in retrospective population surveys of GI.

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Water quality and health in northern Canada: stored drinking water and acute gastrointestinal illness in Labrador Inuit

Wright

Sargeant

Edge

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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One of the highest self-reported incidence rates of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the global peer-reviewed literature occurs in Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic. This high incidence of illness could be due, in part, to the consumption of contaminated water, as many northern communities face challenges related to the quality of municipal drinking water. Furthermore, many Inuit store drinking water in containers in the home, which could increase the risk of contamination between source and point-of-use (i.e., water recontamination during storage). To examine this risk, this research characterized drinking water collection and storage practices, identified potential risk factors for water contamination between source and point-of-use, and examined possible associations between drinking water contamination and self-reported AGI in the Inuit community of Rigolet, Canada. The study included a cross-sectional census survey that captured data on types of drinking water used, household practices related to drinking water (e.g., how it was collected and stored), physical characteristics of water storage containers, and self-reported AGI. Additionally, water samples were collected from all identified drinking water containers in homes and analyzed for presence of Escherichia coli and total coliforms. Despite municipally treated tap water being available in all homes, 77.6% of households had alternative sources of drinking water stored in containers, and of these containers, 25.2% tested positive for total coliforms. The use of transfer devices and water dippers (i.e., smaller bowls or measuring cups) for the collection and retrieval of water from containers were both significantly associated with increased odds of total coliform presence in stored water (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-11.7; OR = 13.4, 95% CI 3.8-47.1). Twenty-eight-day period prevalence of self-reported AGI during the month before the survey was 17.2% (95% CI 13.0-22.5), which yielded an annual incidence rate of 2.4 cases per person per year (95% CI 1.8-3.1); no water-related risk factors were significantly associated with AGI. Considering the high prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, indicator bacteria in drinking water stored in containers, potential exposure to waterborne pathogens may be minimized through interventions at the household level.

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Burden of Self-reported Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Cuba

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Incidence and Determinants of Acute Diarrhoea in Malaysia: A Population-based Study

Incidence and Determinants of Acute Diarrhoea in Malaysia: A Population-based Study

Burden of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Gálvez, Argentina, 2007

Water quality and health in northern Canada: stored drinking water and acute gastrointestinal illness in Labrador Inuit

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