2023
DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2209449
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Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India

Abstract: Background: In 2017, over half the global burden of typhoid fever was projected to have occurred in India. In the absence of contemporary population-based data, it is unclear whether declining trends of hospitalization for typhoid in India reflect increased antibiotic treatment or a true reduction in infection. Methods: We conducted weekly surveillance for acute febrile illness and measured the incidence of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in a prospective cohort o… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…In order to examine a range of possible estimates of infection and shedding prevalence in a community, three point prevalence estimates were included. The ‘Medium’ prevalence in this sensitivity analysis corresponds to a point prevalence estimated from a recently published active clinical surveillance study measuring typhoid incidence in children under 15 years old [ 14 ]. The ‘Low’ and ‘High’ prevalence rates correspond to point prevalence estimates ten times lower and ten times higher than this clinical surveillance-based estimate, respectively ( Table 2 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to examine a range of possible estimates of infection and shedding prevalence in a community, three point prevalence estimates were included. The ‘Medium’ prevalence in this sensitivity analysis corresponds to a point prevalence estimated from a recently published active clinical surveillance study measuring typhoid incidence in children under 15 years old [ 14 ]. The ‘Low’ and ‘High’ prevalence rates correspond to point prevalence estimates ten times lower and ten times higher than this clinical surveillance-based estimate, respectively ( Table 2 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Malaria and Chikungunya depicted significant urban–rural and gender disparities, with striking temporal trends [ 16 ]. A hospital-based study from Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab, depicted the incidence of Enteric fever to be 1622 cases per 100,000 child-years among children between the ages of 6 months and 14 years and 970 cases per 100,000 person-years among those who were 15 years of age or older [ 17 ]. The cohort component of the same study depicted the national incidence rates of Enteric fever to be around 1.73 (1.72–1.74) per child per year of observation [ 17 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, or C is the cause of comparable frequently less severe paratyphoid fever. 4 Due to the development of antimicrobial resistance among typhoidal salmonellae, typhoid fever has become difficult to treat over the years. Resistance to first and second line antibiotics i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%