Burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among at-risk adult populations in the US

Abstract

Life-course immunization holds significant benefit for population health by reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) through vaccinating individuals at different stages and circumstances in life. The study aimed to determine the epidemiologic, clinical, economic, and societal burden of VPDs among at-risk adult subpopulations in the United States. A systematic literature review was conducted for articles published between January 2010 and June 2020, which identified 72 publications. There was heterogeneity in available epidemiology data, with the prevalence of VPDs ranging from 1.1% to 68.7%. Where the disease burden was described, outcomes were typically worse among high-risk subpopulations than in the general population. Several VPDs, including herpes zoster, meningococcal, and pneumococcal infections were associated with increased costs. This review suggests that subpopulations may not frequently interact with the healthcare system, or their risk factors may not be recognized by healthcare providers, and therefore individuals may not be appropriately targeted for vaccination.

Assessment of Disease Burden and Immunization Rates for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in People Living with HIV: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study

“…The prevalence rates of HBV infection and anogenital warts at enrollment were 4.8% and 8.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the general population (2.9% for HBV infection and 0.7% for anogenital warts) [ 10 11 ]. Our finding of a high incidence and prevalence of VPDs in HIV-infected patients is consistent with those of previous studies that reported an increased risk of VPDs in this population [ 6 12 13 ]. Therefore, prophylactic immunization is crucial for HIV-infected patients to prevent morbidity and mortality due to VPDs.…”

“…Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papilloma virus (HPV) is recommended for individuals living with HIV [ 2 ]. Several studies have highlighted the importance of prophylactic immunization in HIV-infected patients [ 3 4 5 6 ]. However, despite the importance of immunization, there are no available data on vaccination rates and the factors influencing vaccine acceptance in Korea.…”

Review of the unmet medical need for vaccination in adults with immunocompromising conditions: An Indian perspective

“…VPDs in adults impose a substantial burden to patients and the healthcare system, especially in the absence of life-course immunization programs. 74 Several studies have shown that infectious diseases lead to higher average costs per episode in patients with IC conditions compared with the general population. 36 , 75 , 76 In a retrospective healthcare database study conducted in the US, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) led to costs of $58.5 million per 100,000 patient years in people at high risk, including individuals with IC conditions and HIV, which were 23.4-fold higher compared with the general population.…”

Vaccination for seasonal influenza, pneumococcal infection and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with solid tumors: recommendations of the Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM)

“…VPDs may cause severe complications in this setting due to the immune system impairment, malnutrition and oncological treatments [ 2 ]. They represent a serious economic burden with a delay in the treatment of the underlying cancer [ 3 ]. Despite this evidence, vaccination rates are inadequate: during the 2021–22 season, the receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine among the subjects over 64 years of age was 57.2% [ 4 ].…”