Bureau of Justice statistics special report: Sexual victimization in state and federal prisons reported by inmates, 2007

From left realism to mass incarceration: the need for pragmatic vision in criminal justice policy

“…More known, currently, is that it is conceivable to spend less money on incarceration while having less crime and fewer victims. For example New York State, which has the fastest shrinking prison population in the country over the last decade, also leads all states in its rate of violent crime declines over the same period [14][15][16]. Likewise, New Jersey has significantly reduced its prison population as its crime rate has declined [17].…”

Sexual and Gender Diversity Within the Black Men Who Have Sex with Men HIV Epidemiological Category

“…(McLean, Balding, & White, 2004). According to the 2012 National Inmate Survey, non-heterosexual incarcerated men who were Black, Hispanic, or had less than a high school education were 10 times more likely to have reported being sexual assaulted than heterosexual inmates (Beck, Berzofsky, Krebs, 2013). However, there are no data available regarding the rate of HIV transmission due to rape in prison.…”

Office on Violence Against Women

“…74 This analysis suggests 4.0 percent of the prison population and 3.2 percent of the jail population in this country suffered sexual abuse during that year. In some prisons, nearly 9 percent of the population disclosed sexual abuse within that time; in some jails the corresponding rate approached 8 percent.…”