Burger Triangle as a Method for Correcting Inaccuracies of Einthoven Triangle

Assessing Potato Yellow Vein Virus (PYVV) infection using remotely sensed data

“…Since chloroplasts absorb their energy mostly from the violet-blue and reddish orange-red wavelengths, the increased reflectance in this portion of the spectrum suggests that photosynthesis in infected plants would be reduced affecting yield. It is known that BYV degrades the thylakoid membrane, the double membrane fold where the light reaction takes place inside the chloroplast, affecting photosynthesis (Spikes and Stout 1955;Clover et al 1999). Since PYVV is also a closteroviridae (Salazar 1998;Martelli et al 2002), it could be hypothesized that PYVV infected potato plants will sustain similar micro-structural damage to that caused by BYV in sugar beet.…”

“…One effect of the virus was the reduction of stomatal conductance, affecting the diffusion of water vapour and CO 2 . Also, Spikes and Stout (1955) observed a 50% reduction of the splitting of water in isolated chloroplasts of sugar beet infected by BYV, which produced thylakoidal membrane damage (Baker and Horton 1987;Salazar 1998). Similar effects of BYV infection as those in sugar beet have been observed in potatoes by Saldarriaga et al (1988).…”

Photosynthesis in Healthy and Rust-Affected Plants

“…Spikes and Stout (20) studied the nature of reduction in chloroplast activity in sugar beets infected with virus yellows. They concluded that both light and (lark reactions were similarly affectecl, probably by a (lirect effect of virus within the chloroplasts.…”

Sugarcane mosaic, bromegrass mosaic, and clover yellow mosaic viruses in roots and shoots of selected hosts

“…phyll is either not synthesized at the same rate as in healthy plants, or that some chlorophyll is destroyed as a result of virus infection (Roberts et al, 1952;Spikes and Stout, 1955;Zaitlln and Jagendorf, 1960;) -…”

“…in infected leaves which usually begins some days after infection (Owen, 1957(Owen, , 1958Roberts and Corbett, 1965;Jensen, 1968a;. Spikes and Stout (1955) tested the Kill reaction in isolated chloroplasts from sugar beet infected with yellows virus over a range of light intensities up to 14,000 ergs/sec/cn^. They found that both the rate-limiting light and dark reactions were reduced by about 50% on an equal chlorophyll basis.…”