Burial Diagenesis of Pelitic and Carbonate Deep-Sea Sediments from the Arabian Sea

Matter, Albert

doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.23.109.1974

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This incipient cement may be amorphous silica; however, this could not be proved (Plate 17). Similar structures, although more threadlike, have been reported by Matter (1974) as organic growth during storage and this may be correct for samples not treated with H2O2.…”

Section: Mineralogy and Petrographysupporting

confidence: 84%

Cherts and Porcellanites from the North Pacific, DSDP, Leg 32

Keene¹

1975

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Ten sites were drilled on Leg 32 and seven sampled chert and Porcellanite of Cretaceous age. Only Site 313 had Cenozoic (Eocene) chert. The lack of Eocene chert is explained by the sites being north of the high-productivity equatorial zone at that time. Sites 305, 306, 310, and 313 contain nodular and bedded chert and Porcellanite associated mainly with carbonate. Sites 303, 304, and 307 contain mainly bedded cherts associated with pelagic clay; minor carbonate occurs with chert immediately above basement. The porcellanites with carbonate contain initially both opal-CT and quartz as the silica phase. The conversion of opal-CT to quartz is complete in younger rocks where it is associated with carbonate rather than clays. More quartz is precipitated directly if the ratio of foraminifera to nannofossils is high in the sediment being replaced. The presence of clay in a microenvironment favors precipitation of opal-CT. Porcellanites associated with noncarbonate sediments are mainly composed of opal-CT. Sites 303 and 304 have the oldest opal-CT: Hauterivian to Valanginian age (~ 118 to 130 m.y.).Biogenous opal is the silica source for most cherts. Composition and texture of the host sediment determines where chert will form. Bedded calcareous porcellanites may take 40 to 50 m.y. to form, but chert nodules seem to form earlier. Some chert of Barremian to Hauterivian age associated with volcanic glass, clinoptilolite, and montmorillonite may have a volcanic origin.

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Section: Mineralogy and Petrographysupporting

confidence: 84%

Cherts and Porcellanites from the North Pacific, DSDP, Leg 32

Keene¹

1975

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…Mechanical compaction is the important diagenetic process within the upper 50-200 m of a sediment; below this range, chemical diagenesis takes over in the form of solution-reprecipitation processes, which may act simultaneously (e.g. SCHLANGER et al, 1973;MATTER, 1974). However, within a zone of overlap both mechanical and chemical diagenesis occur together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between silica and carbonate diagenesis in deep-sea sediments

Hobert

Wetzel

1989

Geol Rundsch

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“…These lithologic changes are the result of progressive dissolution of the more soluble planktonic foraminifera, the delicate coccoliths, and the micritic carbonate grains formed by the breakdown of the tests and the reprecipitation of the dissolved CaCθ3 as overgrowth and cement on the more robust nannoplankton and foraminifera (Matter, 1974;Schlanger and Douglas, 1974). This transfer of CaCOs by the processes of dissolution and reprecipitation has been documented in cores from Sites 305 and 306 by Matter et al (this volume), who examined trends with depth of trace element concentrations, microfossil preservation, and lithology.…”

Section: Diagenetic Effects On the Isotopic Composition Of Nannofossimentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Analyses of Tertiary and Cretaceous Microfossils from Shatsky Rise and Other Sites in the North Pacific Ocean

Douglas¹,

Savin²

1975

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

109

104

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Oxygen and carbon isotopes were determined for nannofossils and foraminifera of Tertiary and Cretaceous age recovered at sites drilled on Shatsky and Hess rises during Leg 32. Additional samples of microfossils from other DSDP sites on Shatsky Rise and on Magellan Rise were also analyzed for comparative purposes.Progressive lithification in pelagic carbonate sediments results in the partial isotopic adjustment of microfossil calcite as dissolved CaCCh is deposited as overgrowth cement. In this process nannofossils, particularly discoasters, are preferentially overgrown and show the largest isotopic adjustment. Nannofossils from midTertiary sediments yield δθ u values that differ from associated planktonic foraminifera by more than 1.0 per mil, although the original isotopic composition of the two groups was similar. Only nannofossils from depths of burial of less than about 200 meters, where little cement overgrowth has occurred, retain their original isotopic composition. Foraminifera, which tend to act as donors in the CaCθ3 transfer, are less affected isotopically by diagenesis. Planktonic foraminifera retain their isotopic composition from sediments as old as Late Cretaceous at Site 305 and benthonic species from Early Cretaceous sediments at Site 306. Because of their different preservation characteristics, foraminifera are more reliable isotopic paleotemperature indicators than are nannofossils.Microfossils from Shatsky Rise yield oxygen-isotope paleotemperatures that suggest a warming trend in the Early Cretaceous, a thermal maximum in the Albian, and a cooling trend in the Late Cretaceous. Bottom-water temperatures were warm, and the difference between surface waters and bottom waters in tropical regions was less than one-half of the present-day value. There is a small drop in temperature across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary which begins in the latest Campanian and ends in the Paleocene. The change in the central Pacific corresponds to approximately 2.5°C in surface waters and 3°C in bottom waters.

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Burial Diagenesis of Pelitic and Carbonate Deep-Sea Sediments from the Arabian Sea

Abstract: The holes completed during Leg 23A were drilled into largely pelagic carbonate sequences ranging in age from Recent to Paleocene as well as into the siliciclastic turbidites of the Indus Cone. They presented the opportunity to study carbonate and

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Cherts and Porcellanites from the North Pacific, DSDP, Leg 32

Cherts and Porcellanites from the North Pacific, DSDP, Leg 32

On the relationship between silica and carbonate diagenesis in deep-sea sediments

Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Analyses of Tertiary and Cretaceous Microfossils from Shatsky Rise and Other Sites in the North Pacific Ocean

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