Buried water-phase change material storage for load shifting: A parametric study

Zeng, Chao; Cao, Xiaoling; Haghighat, Fariborz; Yuan, Yanping; Klimeš, Lubomír; Mankibi, Mohamed El; Dardir, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110428

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The result indicates that the error in normalized mean bias (NMBE) 30 is less than ±10% and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) 30 is less than 30%. More specific information refers to the authors' previous research 21 . Accordingly, the results show that the developed model meets the validation criteria proposed by ASHRAE guideline 14.…”

Section: Buried Multi‐modular Water‐pcm Tank‐a Brief Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…They discovered that throughout the heating season, the thermal inertia of the soil delivers an additional 15.29% of the total heat delivered by the heat storage regenerator. Additionally, Zeng et al 21 proposed to bury the water‐PCM tank in the ground to utilize the geothermally thermal inertia. It reveals that the buried water‐PCM tank surpassed the insulated tank, with a cooling capacity of 24.96% higher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, past research has successfully achieved a specific engineering load shifting using a single water‐phase change material (PCM) tank, the volume of which is intended to match the individual cooling or heating load, allowing it to accommodate certain applications while limiting others, thus, it could not be mass‐produced. To meet the needs of varying cooling or heating loads, the idea of a modular PCM tank was proposed, allowing for flexible switching and lower operating costs 21 . Multi‐modular water‐PCM tanks (MMWPT) in different connection forms could handle the changeable storage requirement in different engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature distribution with airflow rates of 129 kg/h, 387 kg/h, and 645 kg/h: A, inlet temperatures; B, temperature distribution in the PCM panel's middle point; and C, outlet air temperature 21 …”

Section: Buried Multi‐modular Water‐pcm Tank‐a Brief Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operating performance of multi‐modular water‐phase change material tanks for emergency cooling in an underground shelter

Zeng

Yuan

Cao

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Latent heat thermal energy storage can not only alleviate the mismatch between supply and demand but also improve the performance and dependability of the energy system. Unfortunately, previous research achieves a specific engineering load shifting using a single water‐phase change material (PCM) tank, the volume of which is tailored to the specific cooling or heating load. This paper proposes the concept of multi‐modular water‐PCM tanks (MMWPT), which offer flexibility and are simple to be mass‐produced, as thermal storage in an underground shelter's emergency mode. The thermal inertia of the geothermal energy is used to remain the PCM at solid state at first and to naturally cool the tank once they are melted. The mathematical model is created in MATLAB and validated by experiment with an NMBE of less than ±10% and RMSE of less than 30%. In addition, the MMWPT's thermal performance in various matrixes was investigated in an underground shelter where the peak load occurs suddenly and with low frequency. The result reveals that the ∆Twater in the scenario with matrix form of N (number of tanks in series) × 5 (number of tanks in parallel) is almost four times as that with matrix form of N × 1. By separating the water into five parallel water tanks, the corresponding EDD is 1.27‐1.28 times larger. Changing the N from 1 to 2 and 3 could increase the EDD by 3.0%‐12.5% and 5.9%‐25%, respectively. Three acceptable MMWPT matrixes were presented using the effective discharging duration (EDD) and temperature drop as assessment criteria. Additionally, PCM with a maximum phase change temperature (Titalicpch_PCM) of 19.41°C and a connection matrix of 3 × 4 is recommended when using a single charging cycle or active cooling approach. Otherwise, a Titalicpch_PCM of 22.41°C with a connection matrix of 3 × 5 is advised. This research is planned to give references for using the MMWPT in underground shelters to shift loads.

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Section: Buried Multi‐modular Water‐pcm Tank‐a Brief Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Buried Multi‐modular Water‐pcm Tank‐a Brief Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Operating performance of multi‐modular water‐phase change material tanks for emergency cooling in an underground shelter

Zeng

Yuan

Cao

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…This is evidenced by numerous publications in the world scientific literature. Recent works on this topic include using of accumulated energy in heat accumulators in such industries as construction [2][3][4][5], solar energy [6,7], energy conservation [8][9][10][11][12][13] and others [14]. Research is being conducted on the types of heat-transfer accumulating materials and methods of their placement in the heat accumulator.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the heat accumulator operation of the internal combustion engine preheating system

et al. 2021

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We considered the heat accumulator with a phase-transfer heat-accumulating material, which serves for pre-heating of the car’s internal combustion engine. Simulation of the heat accumulator operation allows to build calculated graphs of temperature change of the heat-accumulating material in time, and afterwards to determine the charging time of the heat accumulator depending on its design features, thus, by modelling the most optimal design solution. We performed numerical computations of the system engine – circulating fluid – heat storage material – environment in two stages. In the first stage, we calculated the parameters of thermal resistance in the engine system and pipe manifold for different coolant temperatures according to the method of finite volume in the CFD system. In the second stage the problem was solved numerically by the method of equivalent thermal circuit. We carried out phase transition simulation using the Stefan condition, based on the thermal balance for the phase separation surface. We constructed numerical algorithmic models for calculations of temperature change of heat-accumulating material in time. Such calculations allowed determining the optimal number of U-shaped tubes based on which we proposed the heat accumulator design. We manufactured the heat accumulator, tested, and proved its efficiency and positive effect on the engine warm-up time and the passenger compartment.

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A methodical approach for the design of thermal energy storage systems in buildings: An eight‐step methodology

Rahnama,

Khatibi,

Maccarini

et al. 2024

Energy Storage

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Recent research focuses on optimal design of thermal energy storage (TES) systems for various plants and processes, using advanced optimization techniques. There is a wide range of TES technologies for diverse thermal applications, each with unique technical and economic characteristics. Matching an application with the most suitable TES system remains challenging. This study proposes an eight‐step design methodology guiding the process from describing the thermal process to defining the most appropriate TES based on constraints and requirements. The steps include specifying the thermal process, system design parameters, storage characteristics, integration parameters, key performance indicators, optimization method, tools, and design robustness. Seven already‐designed TES systems are evaluated to assess the methodology's effectiveness, where the design procedures have been adapted to the proposed steps. Case studies involve various applications with both sensible and latent TES systems, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed design procedure. A significant diversity exists among the design cases regarding the design objective, input, design, and output parameters. Nevertheless, the design procedure in each case can be deconstructed into the outlined design steps. The last design step has been excluded from all case studies due to insufficient information regarding the robustness of the design process. The paper demonstrates how a methodical approach can be applied to examine the TES design and the integration. The design steps proposed in this study can serve as a foundation for developing a more systematic approach for designing TES systems in future works, resulting in simplifying the design process.

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Buried water-phase change material storage for load shifting: A parametric study

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Operating performance of multi‐modular water‐phase change material tanks for emergency cooling in an underground shelter

Operating performance of multi‐modular water‐phase change material tanks for emergency cooling in an underground shelter

Simulation of the heat accumulator operation of the internal combustion engine preheating system

A methodical approach for the design of thermal energy storage systems in buildings: An eight‐step methodology

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