Burkitt lymphoma in Papua, New Guinea.

Booth, Kathryn; Burkitt, Denis; Bassett, D. J.; Cooke, Robin A.; Biddulph, JP

doi:10.1038/bjc.1967.77

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(Burkitt, 1962a,b). Similar findings were reported in New Guinea, where BL was also known to have a high incidence, particularly in river valleys (Booth et al, 1967). Doubtless related to the special needs of breeding mosquitoes, insect-born infections, like BL, are more common in rural areas than towns and cities.…”

Section: Epidemiology: Early Observationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma

2012

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SummaryThe two major epidemiological clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) are the geographical association with malaria -BL incidence relates to the malaria transmission rate -and early infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Both agents cause B cell hyperplasia, which is almost certainly an essential component of lymphomagenesis in BL. The critical event in lymphomagenesis is the creation of a MYC translocation, bringing the MYC gene into juxtaposition with immunoglobulin genes and causing its ectopic expression, thereby driving the proliferation of BL cells. It is highly likely that such translocations are mediated by the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) gene, which is responsible for hypervariable region mutations as well as class switching. Stimulation of the Toll-like receptor 9 by malaria-associated agonists induces AID, providing a mechanism whereby malaria could directly influence BL pathogenesis. EBV-containing cells must reach the memory cell compartment in order to survive throughout the life of the individual, which probably requires traversal of the germinal centre. Normally, cells that do not produce high affinity antibodies do not survive this passage, and are induced to undergo apoptosis. EBV, however, prevents this, and in doing so may also enhance the likelihood of survival of rare translocation-containing cells.

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Section: Epidemiology: Early Observationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma

2012

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“…The highest incidence previously reported in the 1960s was 6.7/100,000 in Madang province. 3 BLs are classified as sporadic, endemic or related to immunosuppression. 5,13 The c-myc deregulation is common to all subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The first collection of 37 cases over 7 years of age (1960)(1961)(1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966) were extensively discussed by Booth, Burkitt and others in 1967. 3 A study published in 1988 reported that BL made up 16% of all childhood cancers, accounted for 53% of all childhood lymphomas in PNG and was the commonest childhood malignancy at that time. 4 The involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and deregulated activation of the c-myc oncogene in the pathogenesis of BL are well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burkitt lymphoma in Papua New Guinea—40 years on

Lavu

Morewaya

Maraka

et al. 2005

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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“…The field surveys largely con firmed the general distribution of the tumour in Africa, though there were a few areas, such as Zanzibar, where the tumour might have been expected but did not occur [Kafuko and Burkitt, 1970]. The tumour was also found to be endemic in the coastal regions of New Guinea, and here also, altitude was noted to be important in limiting its occurrence [Booth et al, 1967]. It also became apparent that sporadic cases were occasionally seen in non-tropical parts of the world [Wright, 1966].…”

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confidence: 64%

Nature’s Experiments and Medical Research

Hutt¹

1973

Pathobiology

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The majority of human diseases are due to environmental factors and this largely determines the differences in disease pattern between different parts of the world. The situation in Africa and other developing countries, presents a series of natural experiments which, properly observed and investigated, throw light on many of the major problems of world health such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The frequency of malnutrition and infectious disease has given a better understanding of the interplay of these two conditions and of their effects on immunological mechanisms. It is concluded that observations on natural experiments can still play an important role in medical research.

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Burkitt lymphoma in Papua, New Guinea.

Abstract: Images Fig. 2

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma

Epidemiology: clues to the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma in Papua New Guinea—40 years on

Nature’s Experiments and Medical Research

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