Burning mouth syndrome: A review on its diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Aravindhan, R; Santhanam, Vidyalakshmi; Kumar, M Siva; Satheesh, C T; Balasubramanium, A Murali; Prasad, Vikash

doi:10.4103/0975-7406.137255

Cited by 81 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ample research shows that prevalence of BMS varies considerably, between 0.7% and 15%, depending on the population investigated 5,[7][8][9][11][12][13][14] . For example, one study found age-adjusted prevalence rates of 18.8 and 3.7 cases in women and men, respectively in 100,000 people 15 , while another investigation discovered that BMS occurs in 1 in every 1,000 subjects, mainly in women over 50 years old 16 .…”

Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women are the most affected group, usually at a 7 to 1 ratio against men, 90% of whom are in the perimenopausal stage. Typically, BMS manifests three years before and as late as 12 years after the onset of menopause 2,4,[7][8][9]11,13,[18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases the burning sensation is felt diffusely across the oral mucosa 2,3,5,8,9,11,12 . BMS is rare in people under 30 years of age, and it has not been diagnosed in children and adolescents 5,8,9 .…”

Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two variants of BMS have been described, the primary form, which is idiopathic and is defined according to the criteria above, and the secondary form, which is observed when a local or systemic causal agent is present [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Tomattis¹,

Munerato²

2016

Int J Dentistry Res

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Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a recurrent daily burning sensation with no evidence lesions in the oral mucosa. It is accompanied by subjective dry mouth and dysgeusia. The tongue is the most commonly affected site, but the condition also affects other sites in the mouth. Its etiopathogeny is multifactorial and its diagnosis is made by exclusion. Objective: This article reviews the literature about the epidemiology, etiopathogeny, and diagnosis of BMS in the past 15 years. Articles were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE, and included clinical assays, case reports, and reviews. We found 509 articles, and only 136 were chosen. The key words were: burning mouth syndrome (BMS), review, etiopathogeny, diagnosis. Conclusions: BMS remains an important diagnostic challenge, though the disease is considered a neuropathy characterized by damage to trigeminal peripheral nervous fibers, which triggers central sensitization. In addition to BMS and secondary BMS, it seems relevant to include complicated BMS, in which symptoms persist despite the elimination of local and systemic causes. BMS should be investigated by a transdisciplinary team that will take into account all aspects active in the mental and physical dimensions of the condition, in the most detailed way. Therefore, QST, imaging investigations, various evaluation scales of mental health and of the impact of BMS on quality of life as well as the investigation of sleep disorders and changes in circadian rhythm could be useful tools in the development of treatment strategies based on findings and observing the characteristics of each BMS patient in light of specifics of diagnosis.

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Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bms Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Tomattis¹,

Munerato²

2016

Int J Dentistry Res

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“…Patient may also describe the symptom as tingling, scalding, annoying, tender or numb filling of the oral mucosa. The pain is primarily bilateral and typically on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (71-78%) followed by dorsal and lateral border of the tongue, anterior portion of hard palate, labial mucosa or gingiva with no identifiable precipitating factors except stress and other psychological factors [14][15][16]42 . To fulfill the diagnostic criteria for BMS, pain episode must occur continuously at least 4-6 months 1,43 .…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review

Sadat

Chowdhury

Baten³

2017

J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys.

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Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by chronic oro-facial pain in the absence of specific oral lesions & clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It is more commonly observed in middle aged patients & postmenopausal women. It often affects tongue, cheek, lip, hard & soft palate. Usually symptoms are better observed in morning, worsen during the day and typically subside at night. The condition is multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its etiopathogenesis remain largely enigmatic. Associated medical conditions may include neurologic and metabolic disorder, gastrointestinal, urogenital as well as drug reactions. BMS are of two types, primary & secondary. Primary BMS is essential or idiopathic where secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic and/or psychological factors. Clinical diagnosis depends on the careful history taking, physical examinations and laboratory findings. Vitamin, Zinc or Hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective with deficiency of the corresponding factors. The drug therapy with alpha-lipoic acid, capsaicin, clonazepam, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants may be effective in symptomatic treatment of BMS. But the treatment is still unsatisfactory and there is no definitive cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 151-159

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Micronutrients status as a contributing factor in secondary burning mouth syndrome: A review of the literature

Gholizadeh,

Sheykhbahaei

2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsPatients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) experience an annoying feeling without clinical evidence of any mucosal lesion. Deficiency or excess of micronutrients is a common feature in secondary BMS. There is limited knowledge among oral healthcare providers regarding the significance of micronutrients in oral health, so the current review focuses on the critical role of these elements in oral health implications as secondary BMS.MethodsFor the data collection, the authors searched for key terms without time limitation (1900–2021) in databases comprised of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science (SCI), and Embase.ResultsThe total number of matched articles with inclusion criteria involved in this review article was 59 original articles. Among these, 20 randomized clinical trials (RCT), 31 case‐control or Crossectional, and 8 case reports/series are reviewed in this review article.ConclusionOne of the important etiological factors in patients with secondary BMS is micronutrient imbalance. The iron, zinc, vitamin B family, vitamin D deficiency and increased levels of homocysteine and oxidant agents were examined in secondary BMS patients. In addition, oral medicine specialists must consider the possible toxic effects of some elements in restorations and dental prostheses. Further studies, such as RCTs in the future, are recommended.

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Burning mouth syndrome: A review on its diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Cited by 81 publications

References 32 publications

Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review

Micronutrients status as a contributing factor in secondary burning mouth syndrome: A review of the literature

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