Burning mouth syndrome and associated factors: A case–control retrospective study

Abstract

Background and objective. Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) can be defined as burning pain or dysesthesia on the tongue and/or other sites of the oral mucosa without a causative identifiable lesion. The discomfort is usually of daily recurrence, with a higher incidence among people aged 50 to 60 years, affecting mostly the female gender and diminishing their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between several pathogenic factors and burning mouth syndrome. Patients and methods. 736 medical records of patients diagnosed of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and 132 clinical histories for the control group were studied retrospectively. The protocol included: gender, age, type of oral discomfort and other variables. Results. Analysis of the association between related factors and BMS diagnosis revealed that only 3 factors showed a statistically significant association (p = 0.0001): triggers (emotional factors, dental treatments), parafunctional habits, and oral hygiene. There was no statistically significant association between gender (p = 0.440), substance abuse (p = 0.089), systemic pathology (p = 0.099) and BMS. Conclusions. Parafunctional habits like bruxism and abnormal movements of tongue and lips can explain the BMS main symptomatology. Psychological aspects and systemic factors should be always considered. As a multifactorial disorder, the treatment of BMS should be executed in a holistic way.

Dysgeusia

“…Taste alterations accompany BMS. 183 , 184 , 185 These include phantogeusia (bitter, metallic, burning quality). 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 The qualities of bitter and metallic that patients report as being associated with BMS are thought to be from cranial nerve IX being disinhibited subsequent to possible damage or hypofunction of the chorda tympani nerve.…”

The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

“…In general, in relation to the fight against systemic diseases, Chimenos-Kustner et al, [18] stated that many authors who deal with the subject in the contemporary literature defend the use of prebiotics in the treatment and prevention of these diseases, specifically from the use of the fecal transplantation technique, which basically consists of the transference of healthy bacterial communities. In a revision carried out by Moraes et al, [17] emphasized the relationship between the human microbiota and chronic no infectious diseases.…”

Efficacy of photobiomodulation in reducing pain and improving the quality of life in patients with idiopathic burning mouth syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Its prevalence is low, affecting between 0.1 and 3.7% of the general population [6], affects more women (1.15%) than it does men (0.38%), predominantly perimenopausal and/or postmenopausal women [7][8][9]. For some time, there have been indications that BMS affects people with personalities that are susceptible to anxiety and depression [6,10,11] more than those who do not experience such issues.…”