Burning rates of liquid fuels in fire whirls

Lei, Jiao; Liu, Naian; Zhang, Li Min; Deng, Zhihua; Akafuah, Nelson K.; Li, Tianxiang; Saito, Kozo; Satoh, Kohyu

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.01.019

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…, where for laminar fire whirls η m and η S are 0.5 and 0.4, respectively (Lei et al 2012). For turbulent boundary layers at the base, these values change to 1 and 1/3, respectively.…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Fire Whirls 205mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fire whirls, the behaviors of the boundary layer, circulation, and burning rate are all interrelated. In a set of pool fire whirl experiments, Lei et al (2012) observed that the fuel surface often oscillates slightly due to flame wander and the presence of unstable secondary flows. In relatively large fire whirls, circular ripples are continuously generated and move toward the center of the liquid fuel surface due to the strong inflow at the boundary layer.…”

Section: Boundary Layer and Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, as the height of ripples increases, these wave-like structures approach the center. In rare cases, with relatively strong circulation, Lei et al (2012) reported that the ripples abruptly break into sprays in the center and evaporate through the high temperature core. Under strong circulation, liquid fuel can be directly sucked into the vortex core, and in the case of solid combustible materials, this may lead to a firebrand shower and subsequent spot fire ignitions, as solid fuels have much slower pyrolysis rates than liquid fuels (Lei et al 2012).…”

Section: Boundary Layer and Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rare cases, with relatively strong circulation, Lei et al (2012) reported that the ripples abruptly break into sprays in the center and evaporate through the high temperature core. Under strong circulation, liquid fuel can be directly sucked into the vortex core, and in the case of solid combustible materials, this may lead to a firebrand shower and subsequent spot fire ignitions, as solid fuels have much slower pyrolysis rates than liquid fuels (Lei et al 2012). With regard to these observations, it can be concluded that, although the dynamics of these complex interactions is not fully understood, collectively, they may enhance the fuel evaporation rate (Lei et al 2012).…”

Section: Boundary Layer and Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emmons & Ying's (1967) pioneering study of an acetone pool fire whirl also showed that the mass r R I.N. (a) Schematic showing the different regions within the boundary layer at the base of a fire whirl (Lei et al 2012). (b) Viscous effects of the Ekman boundary layer on the flame shape at the base of a fire whirl (Dobashi et al 2015).…”

Section: Boundary Layer and Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fire Whirls

Tohidi

Gollner

Xiao

2018

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Fire whirls present a powerful intensification of combustion, long studied in the fire research community because of the dangers they present during large urban and wildland fires. However, their destructive power has hidden many features of their formation, growth, and propagation. Therefore, most of what is known about fire whirls comes from scale modeling experiments in the laboratory. Both the methods of formation, which are dominated by wind and geometry, and the inner structure of the whirl, including velocity and temperature fields, have been studied at this scale. Quasi-steady fire whirls directly over a fuel source form the bulk of current experimental knowledge, although many other cases exist in nature. The structure of fire whirls has yet to be reliably measured at large scales; however, scaling laws have been relatively successful in modeling the conditions for formation from small to large scales. This review surveys the state of knowledge concerning the fluid dynamics of fire whirls, including the conditions for their formation, their structure, and the mechanisms that control their unique state. We highlight recent discoveries and survey potential avenues for future research, including using the properties of fire whirls for efficient remediation and energy generation.

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“…, where for laminar fire whirls η m and η S are 0.5 and 0.4, respectively (Lei et al 2012). For turbulent boundary layers at the base, these values change to 1 and 1/3, respectively.…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Fire Whirls 205mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Boundary Layer and Burning Ratementioning

confidence: 99%