Burnout and effort–reward-imbalance in a sample of 949 German teachers

Unterbrink, Thomas; Hack, Anna; Pfeifer, Ruth; Buhl-Grießhaber, Veronika; Müller, Udo; Wesche, Helmut; Frommhold, Markus; Scheuch, K; Seibt, Reingard; Wirsching, Michael; Bauer, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s00420-007-0169-0

Cited by 184 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other authors also report that employees characterized by high overcommitment have a multiple elevated risk of suffering from various (psycho)somatic symptoms than their less overcommitted colleagues (Head, Kivimäki, Siegrist, Ferrie, Vahtera, Shipley and Marmot 2007;Joksimovic, Starke, von dem Knesebeck and Siegrist 2002;Kuper et al 2002;Larisch et al 2003;Li et al 2006). Highly stressed and/or overcommitted residents are more likely to experience vital exhaustion and dissatisfaction which might lead to difficulties in pursuing their chosen professional career (Preckel et al 2005;Unterbrink et al 2007). Overcommitted and stressed residents might have more difficulties establishing a good doctor-patient relationship, a factor which again contributes to feeling stressed (Jungbauer et al 2003;Jungbauer et al 2004;Langewitz, Conen, Nübling and Weber 2002).…”

Section: Work Stress and Self-reported Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies investigate the relationship between work stress and cardiovascular disease van Vegchel, de Jonge, Bosma and Schaufeli 2005), some between ERI and burnout (Unterbrink et al 2007); only a few report data on anxiety and depression (Godin and Kittel 2004;Godin et al 2005;Larisch et al 2003;Pikhart et al 2004). As far as we know, only two cross-sectional studies report the perceived effort-reward imbalance in physicians and their self-reported health (Li, Yang and Cho 2006;Rockenbauch et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work stress and reduced health in young physicians: prospective evidence from Swiss residents

Buddeberg-Fischer

Klaghofer

Stamm

et al. 2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

168

102

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Objectives: Job stress investigated by the effort-reward model in various working environments in different countries has been widely reported, yet studies addressing physicians are lacking. The present study investigated the perceived job stress, its association with the amount of working hours, and its impact on young physicians' self-reported health and their satisfaction with life during residency. Methods: In a prospective study design a cohort of Swiss medical school graduates was followed up, beginning in 2001. In their second and fourth years of residency, 433 physicians assessed their effortreward imbalance, overcommitment, physical and mental well-being and satisfaction with life. Taking the longitudinal design into account, four categories of stressed residents were defined: (1) subjects not reporting high work stress at either measurement, (2) subjects reporting high work stress in the second but not in the fourth year of residency, (3) subjects with onset of high work stress in fourth year, and (4) residents reporting high work stress at both measurements. Results: All components of the perceived stress at work were significantly correlated with the amount of working hours, effort showing the highest correlation. While two thirds of the participants do not report high work stress, assessed by the extrinsic part of the effort-reward imbalance model (the ratio between effort and reward) and 12% show a decrease of stress over time, there are 15% with an increase of stress over time, and 10% with persistently high stress experience. In terms of the intrinsic stress component (overcommitment), 71% show low values, 12% show a decrease, 9% an increase, and 8% constantly high values. The groups with constant and increasing extrinsic and intrinsic stress experience exhibit significantly worse health and life satisfaction compared to the remaining groups, after controlling for gender and baseline health. Conclusions: Stress at work in young physicians, especially when being experienced over a longer period in postgraduate training, has to be a matter of concern because of its negative impact on health and life satisfaction and the risk of developing symptoms of burnout in the long run. Keywords: Effort-reward imbalance; overcommitment; work stress; reduced health; residents; longitudinal study. AbstractObjectives: Job stress investigated by the effort-reward model in various working environments in different countries has been widely reported, yet studies addressing physicians are lacking. The present study investigated the perceived job stress, its association with the amount of working hours, and its impact on young physicians' self-reported health and their satisfaction with life during residency.Methods: In a prospective study design a cohort of Swiss medical school graduates was followed up, beginning in 2001. In their second and fourth years of residency, 433 physicians assessed their effort-reward imbalance, overcommitment, physical and mental well-being and satisfaction with life. Taking th...

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Section: Work Stress and Self-reported Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work stress and reduced health in young physicians: prospective evidence from Swiss residents

Buddeberg-Fischer

Klaghofer

Stamm

et al. 2008

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

168

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Demographic characteristics such as age, sex, marital status and education have been proved to correlate with burnout to some degree 4) . Most importantly, studies have suggested that occupational stress is strongly associated with burnout in specific professional areas, such as nurses 5) and teachers 6) . Physicians, as one of the most competitive professions in the world, have also been reported to experience high levels of stress and burnout 7) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician Burnout and Its Associated Factors: A Cross‐sectional Study in Shanghai

Wang

Xie²,

Dai

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational Health

107

100

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Physician Burnout and Its Associated Factors: A Cross‐sectional Study in Shanghai: Zhihui WANG, et al. School of Public Health, Fudan University China— Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the rate of burnout and the contributing factors behind it among physicians in Shanghai. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 457 physicians from 21 hospitals in Shanghai completed self‐reported questionnaires in June 2008. The Chinese version of the job content questionnaire (C‐JCQ) and the Chinese version of the effort‐reward imbalance questionnaire (C‐ERI) were used to measure occupational stress. The Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (C‐MBI) was used to measure burnout rate. We then performed regression analysis of physician burnout. Results The MBI model revealed that 277 physicians (60.6%) were experiencing a mild degree of burnout and that 27 physicians (5.9%) were experiencing a severe degree of burnout. In the assessment of occupational stress, most physicians (64.8%) had a demand/control ratio higher than 1, and 21.9% of all physicians had an effort/reward ratio higher than 1, indicating a high level of occupational stress exposure. Regression analyses showed higher levels of burnout among physicians of younger age, less work experience, longer working hours, on shift duty, or from highergrade hospitals. Both the JCQ and ERI models showed good predictive power for physician burnout, with the ERI model performing better. Conclusions Physicians in Shanghai were experiencing a high degree of burnout, which was significantly associated with occupational stress as well as distinctive personal and work characteristics. Interventions aiming at reducing job‐related stress can be effective approaches to prevent burnout among physicians.

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“…[13] Several researches have been conducted to assess stress levels among teachers in different countries. [14][15][16][17] In this sense, a research performed with 949 German teachers attending in primary and secondary schools found that 22% of them evaluated their occupation as extremely stressful. [14] Other investigation involving English teachers reported high occupational stress in 41.5% of the teachers' sample when compared to 32% of nurses, 28% of managers, and 27% of administrators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17] In this sense, a research performed with 949 German teachers attending in primary and secondary schools found that 22% of them evaluated their occupation as extremely stressful. [14] Other investigation involving English teachers reported high occupational stress in 41.5% of the teachers' sample when compared to 32% of nurses, 28% of managers, and 27% of administrators. [15] In Italy, researchers found that almost 25% of full-time teachers [16] and 70% of temporary teachers [17] presented high perceived stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between stress and coping in federal universities nursing teachers of a Brazilian state-analytical study

Kirchhof

Freitas²,

Silva³

et al. 2015

JNEP

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Objective: To relate stress and coping in the labor environment of Federal Universities nursing teachers in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytic and quantitative study, conducted with 108 teachers from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. For data collection, there were used: Form with personal/occupational data; Stress Scale at Work, Inventory Coping Strategies. Data were analyzed through the inferential statistics. The project of this investigation was approved by the CEP/UFSM, under protocol number CAAE: 0380.0.243.000-10. Results: There was predominance of teachers with low stress (93.52%). The Social Support was the highest average Coping factor (X = 1.98, SD = 0.53). There was a significant negative association of low intensity between stress and factors of Acceptance of Responsibility and Escape-avoidance. There was no significant correlation between low stress and coping strategies focused on the problem. Conclusions: The teachers had low stress and found the use of coping strategies focused on emotions. The results are opposed to the hypothesis of this study that teachers with low stress would use coping strategies focused on problem. Programs aiming to enhance the use of coping strategies, especially those focused on emotion, should be developed to reduce the stress levels of nursing teachers.

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Burnout and effort–reward-imbalance in a sample of 949 German teachers

Abstract: At present, the working situation of teachers appears to be characterized by a perceived imbalance of effort and reward and is associated with a high risk of developing burnout symptoms.

Cited by 184 publications

References 20 publications

Work stress and reduced health in young physicians: prospective evidence from Swiss residents

Work stress and reduced health in young physicians: prospective evidence from Swiss residents

Physician Burnout and Its Associated Factors: A Cross‐sectional Study in Shanghai

Relations between stress and coping in federal universities nursing teachers of a Brazilian state-analytical study

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