Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)

The COPE Staff study: Study description and initial report regarding job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts, stress, and burnout among Swedish maternal and neonatal healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic

“…When it came to levels of burnout among the MNHCWs in our study, the percentage of respondents scoring above critical values for the four sub‐dimensions ranged between 3% and 18%, with the highest percentage for exhaustion. Elevated exhaustion levels may be considered early signals of burnout, according to the definition entailing evolution from exhaustion to cognitive and emotional impairment to mental distance, creating a vicious cycle 18 . These findings are important, and action is required to counteract exhaustion and to prevent additional increases in exhaustion, mental distance, or cognitive and emotional impairment.…”

“…To investigate working conditions and their impact on MNHCWs during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, a project‐specific questionnaire was developed based on the following questionnaires; the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) 15 ; the Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale (PSC‐12) 16 ; the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT), 17,18 a modified version of the Moral Distress Scale‐Revised (MDS‐R) (only for clinical employees) 19 ; and the Screen Questionnaire—Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (SQ‐PTSD) (only for clinical employees) 20 . Moreover, the COPE Staff questionnaire included demographic questions, COVID‐19‐specific and patient safety questions taken from the Western Health Care Region of Sweden's annual patient‐safety questionnaire and questions about trust in policy and government agencies taken from the Swedish SOM Institute 21 and the Gothenburg Research Program on Pregnancy and Politics 22…”

“…Levels of job satisfaction, work‐life conflicts and stress were defined and assessed with the COPE Staff questionnaire items originating from the COPSOQ questionnaire, 15 in which an average index between 0 and 100 was calculated based on four items (Table S1). Burnout level was defined and assessed with the BAT questionnaire 17,18 ; a score between 1 and 5 was calculated based on all 23 items (Table S1) and represented the average level of burnout. Furthermore, average scores were calculated separately for the four sub‐dimensions exhaustion (eight items), mental distance (five items), cognitive impairment (five items), and emotional impairment (five items) (Table S1).…”

“…The percentages of respondents scoring above the clinical cut‐off values for the total burnout score as well as for the four sub‐dimensions were calculated. These clinical cut‐offs are 3.02 for the total burnout scale and 3.10 for exhaustion, 3.10 for mental distance, 3.10 for cognitive impairment, and 2.90 for emotional impairment 18 . Clinical cut‐offs can be used to indicate whether observed levels are “problematic” and have been developed to indicate levels that distinguish between persons with clinical burnout and healthy individuals.…”

Job stress and burnout among prison staff: a systematic literature review

“…Commonly characterised as a psychological syndrome encompassing emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and diminished personal accomplishment (Maslach, 1993), empirical evidence suggests that burnout is a process that gradually develops over time (Schaufeli and Peeters, 2000). More recently, burnout was conceptualised by Schaufeli et al (2020a) as a work-related state characterised by four core dimensions: exhaustion; mental distance; cognitive impairment; and emotional impairment. A depressed mood and general psychological and psychosomatic complaints accompany these core dimensions.…”