Burns associated with e-cigarette batteries: A case series and literature review

Harshman, Jamie; Vojvodic, Miliana; Rogers, Alan D

doi:10.1017/cem.2017.32

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The majority of injuries were caused due to explosion (82/126), including 48 assembled devices [21,, 20 self-exploded batteries [95,97,102,111,112,[115][116][117] and 14 without specifying [118]. Second most common injury was thermal burns (24/126) caused by 14 self-combusted batteries [21,111,115,[119][120][121][122], 6 self-combusted assembled devices [115,120,123,124], 2 exploding devices [99,102], 1 in-pocket e-cigarette self-activation [125] and 1 case for which the ignition was induced by a motorcycle crash [111]. A combination of explosion and thermal burn caused by the explosion of the assembled device (7/126) [21,112,120,126,127] was the 3rd most common cause of injury.…”

Section: Traumatic Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Review of E-Cigarette-Related Illness and Injury: Not Just for the Respirologist

Tzortzi

Kapetanstrataki

Evangelopoulou

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Following the recent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) illness outbreak, the current review aimed to collect all related clinical cases for study and analysis and provide a critical synopsis of the proposed injury mechanism. Adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines, e-cigarette-related clinical cases were identified via Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Additionally, references of published case reports and previous review papers were manually searched, revealing 159 publications presenting e-cigarette-related case reports and 19 reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 238 individual cases were identified; 53% traumatic injuries due to e-cigarette explosion or self-combustion, 24% respiratory cases, and 12% poisonings. Additional cases pertained to oral, cardiovascular, immunologic, hematologic, allergic reactions, infant complications, and altered medication levels. Case reports were mainly published between 2016–2019 (78%). The oldest case, a lipoid pneumonia, was published in 2012. The current review showed that e-cigarette-related health effects extend beyond the acute lung injury syndrome, including traumatic, thermal injuries and acute intoxications. Physicians should be aware of the distinct clinical presentations and be trained to respond and treat effectively. Regulators and public health authorities should address the regulatory gap regarding electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and novel tobacco products.

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Section: Traumatic Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Literature Review of E-Cigarette-Related Illness and Injury: Not Just for the Respirologist

Tzortzi

Kapetanstrataki

Evangelopoulou

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…A total of 31 articles 8,9,11,13,[16][17][18]20,23,[25][26][27][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] met the review's inclusion criteria ( Figure 1). These were published from 2015 to 2017 in a variety of medical journals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the prevalence of e-cigarette explosions, there is a need for a comprehensive review of published case reports in peer-reviewed journals regarding injuries, especially burns. Although previous studies have reviewed the literature regarding burns caused by e-cigarette explosions, these reviews were not exhaustive of the literature [23][24][25][26] , or focused only on explosion injuries reported by the media (e.g. online news, television, blogs) 4,27 instead of on the scientific literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn injuries caused by e-cigarette explosions: A systematic review of published cases

Seitz

Kabir

2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes have the potential to cause burns from batteries that explode. Although e-cigarette explosion burns have been reported by the media (e.g. local online news, blogs), there is a need for a comprehensive review of published medical case reports regarding these injuries. METHODS CINAHL and PubMed were systematically searched using common terms regarding e-cigarettes (electronic cigarette, e-cigarette, vape, vaping, electronic nicotine delivery systems) in every combination with the term 'explosion'. Peerreviewed articles were included if they: were written in English, described case reports of burn injuries caused by e-cigarette explosions, and were published in any year. Cases were categorized by demographics, location of the e-cigarette explosion, burned body areas, types of burns, total body surface area of burns, the need for skin grafting, and the length of hospital stay. RESULTS Thirty-one articles were included in the review and described 164 cases. Most patients (90%) were male and between 20 to 29 years old. In the majority of cases (65%), e-cigarettes exploded in pockets, compared to exploding in the face or hand. Common burned areas included the thigh, hand, genitals, and face. Burn severity was typically second-degree burns (35%) or a combination of seconddegree and third-degree burns (20%). In all, 48 patients required skin grafting, with 19 reporting a median hospital stay of 5 days. CONCLUSIONS This review has several implications, including the need for regulation of batteries, education regarding battery safety, and leveraging images of the severity of e-cigarette explosion burns to discourage the use of e-cigarettes.

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“…Regardless of where one stands on the “harm reduction” debate surrounding e-cigarettes, all sides should be able to agree that there is a role for reasonable regulation (although there may be disagreement on what extent of regulation is “reasonable”). A complete lack of regulation invites problems that have already been observed in the e-cigarette market, which was unregulated until recently: false and misleading claims, 73 inaccurate labeling, 74 dangerously shoddy product quality, 75 unabashed marketing to youth, 76 and more. However, even with full implementation of the deeming rule, it appears that one portion of the e-cigarette market may remain completely unregulated, at least for now: synthetic nicotine.…”

Section: How We Got Here: Understanding Nicotine and The Fda’s Nicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Regulatory Gap for Synthetic Nicotine

Zettler¹,

Hemmerich²,

Berman³

2017

Preprint

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In July 2017 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a new "comprehensive plan for tobacco and nicotine regulation." This plan is focused on making cigarettes less addictive while facilitating the development of alternative nicotine-containing products that are far less harmful. This approach holds promise, and the public health stakes could not be higher-smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, causing roughly 480,000 deaths per year.But a new product is emerging that could upset the FDA's plans for a well-balanced regulatory scheme: synthetic nicotine. These products currently fall into a regulatory gap because they fall outside the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act's (FDCA) definition of a tobacco product. If this gap remains in place, it is likely that more companies will exploit it in order to evade regulation, undoing the potential benefits of the FDA's plan for tobacco and nicotine regulation.This Article argues that the FDA can, and should, address this problem by regulating synthetic nicotine products as drugs. After reviewing the science of nicotine addiction and the FDA's past and present regulatory schemes for nicotine, it explains how the FDA could establish that synthetic nicotine satisfies the FDCA's definition of a drug. It concludes with a discussion of the policy benefits of categorizing synthetic nicotine as a drug.

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Burns associated with e-cigarette batteries: A case series and literature review

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

A Systematic Literature Review of E-Cigarette-Related Illness and Injury: Not Just for the Respirologist

A Systematic Literature Review of E-Cigarette-Related Illness and Injury: Not Just for the Respirologist

Burn injuries caused by e-cigarette explosions: A systematic review of published cases

Closing the Regulatory Gap for Synthetic Nicotine

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