Bursaphelenchus firmae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), isolated from Monochamus grandis Waterhouse that emerged from dead firs, Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.

Bursaphelenchus koreanus sp. n., isolated in Ningbo, P.R. China, from packaging wood made from Pinus sp. imported from South Korea, is described. It is characterised by a slim body (a = 28-35), lateral field with four lines, excretory pore located at level of, or slightly posterior to, median bulb, vulva at 75% of total body length, presence of a distinct vulval fiap in lateral view, postuterine branch extending for ca two-thirds of vulva-anus distance, female tail conical and ventrally bent with slightly pointed, irregular or roughened terminus (c' = 4.1), spicules large and arcuate (27-34 /xm) with pointed rostrum, cucullus visible but sometimes reduced to a small blunt extension. The new species belongs to the xylophilus group and is most similar to B. luxuriosae and B. paraluxuriosae. It is distinguished from other Bursaphelenchus species by morphology, ITS-RFLP patterns and sequencing results.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bursaphelenchus koreanus sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) in packaging wood from South Korea

Wang

Chen

2013

“…All six species of this group also differ from members of the xylophilus-group by their association with bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) as vector insects. In contrast, all species of the xylophilus-group that have a known insect association are associated with long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), mainly from the subfamily Lamiinae (Enda & Mamiya, 1972;Mamiya & Enda, 1979;Kanzaki et al, 2000Kanzaki et al, , 2008Kanzaki et al, , 2012Kanzaki & Futai, 2003;Tomalak & Filipiak, 2010). Further research should elucidate the exact relationships of these phylogenetic groups, but the data presently available may suggest that this process could be mediated by differences in ecological associations of closely related nematode species with different groups of insect vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Bursaphelenchus piceae sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) from larval galleries of the six-toothed spruce bark beetle, Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karsten

Tomalak

Pomorski

2015

Bursaphelenchus piceae sp. n. is described from the bark of Norway spruce, Picea abies. Adults and propagative juveniles of the nematode are found in larval galleries of the six-toothed spruce bark beetle, Pityogenes chalcographus, while its dauer juveniles aggregate in Malpighian tubules of older larvae, pupae and adult beetles. The new species is characterised by the body length of 719 (530-945) μm in female and 632 (474-808) μm in male, its moderately slender body (a = 41.4 (35.4-50.2) and 42.6 (35.1-47.2) in female and male, respectively), and small spicules (16.0 (14.0-18.3) μm along arc and 13.7 (12.2-15.5) μm along chord). The extended anterior vulval lip in female, lateral fields with four incisures, long post-uterine sac extending for 67-91% of vulva-anus distance, and number (7) and arrangement of male caudal papillae suggest that B. piceae sp. n. is closely related to the xylophilus-group yet it differs by the relatively small, claw-like spicules with no cucullus at the tip. The close relation of B. piceae sp. n. to the xylophilusgroup has been confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Morphologically B. piceae sp. n. most closely resembles B. tokyoensis and B. fagi but can be separated from both by the unique shape of the spicules. The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). The presence of dauer juveniles of B. piceae sp. n. in Malpighian tubules of adult P. chalcographus may lead to extensive damage to this organ as shown by local expansion of the tubule basement membrane and degradation of its cellular epithelium. Detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. piceae sp. n. together with five other bark beetle-associated Bursaphelenchus species, namely B. trypophloei, B. masseyi, B. tiliae, B. tokyoensis and B. fagi, constitutes a small phylogenetic clade that is most closely located to, but separate from, the xylophilus-group.

“…They all are as sociated with larval galleries of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and have adult bark beetles as vectors, although transmission of B. tokyoensis from gal leries of Cryphalus fulvus Niijima was not directly ob served (Kanzaki et a l, 2009b). By contrast, in all the re maining Bursaphelenchus species of the xylophilus group which have a known insect association, the vectors are long-homed beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), mainly from the subfamily Lamiinae (Enda & Mamiya, 1972;Mamiya & Enda, 1979;Kanzaki et al, 2000Kanzaki et al, , 2008Kanzaki et al, , 2012Kanzaki & Futai, 2003;. It re mains to be elucidated whether this distinction is related to different phylogenetic pathways in the nematodes and their insect vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bursaphelenchus fagi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an insect-pathogenic nematode in the Malpighian tubules of the bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in European beech, Fagus silvatica L.

Tomalak

Filipiak

2014

Bursaphelenchus fagi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an insect-pathogenic nematode in the Malpighian tubules of the bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in European beech, Fagus silvatica L. Summary -Bursaphelenchus fagi sp. n. is described from the bark of European beech, Fagus silvatica. All propagative stages of the nematode are numerous in larval galleries of the beech bark beetle, Taphrorychus bicolor, while dauer juveniles aggregate in Malpighian tubules of adult beetles. The new species is characterised by the body length of 871 (763-1110) p m in female and 852 (718-992) /xmin male, very slender body (a = 56.8 (50.4-67.1) and 64.5 (56.5-73.8) in female and male, respectively), and spicules 15.2 (14.0-17.0) p m long. The extended anterior vulval lip in female, lateral fields with four incisures, and number (7) and arrangement of male caudal papillae may indicate that B. fagi sp. n. is closely related to the xylophilus group. It differs from this group by the relatively small, claw like spicules with narrow capitulum, indistinct condylus in almost continuous line with dorsal lamina, and lack of distinct cucullus at the spicule tip. The close relation of B. fagi sp. n. with the xylophilus group has been confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region. Bursaphelenchus fagi sp. n. most closely resembles B. tokyoensis and B. idius, but can be separated by differences in the arrangement of the male caudal papillae, a unique feature for each species. The taxonomic separation of the new species is also confirmed by the unique molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). The mass presence of dauer juveniles of B. fagi sp. n. in Malpighian tubules of adult T. bicolor leads to degradation of the tubule cellular epithelium and local expansion of its basement membrane. These changes clearly indicate direct pathogenicity of the nematode to its vector insect. In laboratory rearing, B. fagi sp. n. can grow and reproduce on Botryotinia fuckeliana cultures.