An experimental system of 1553B bus is build, and several key parameters of the system are measured. A simulation method for the electrical characteristics of 1553B system using Matlab/Simulink is proposed. The experimental results and the simulation results are compared, and the comparison shows the effectiveness and correctness of the simulation method. Then, the electrical characteristics of 1553B bus system with different structural configurations are simulated, and qualitative suggestions for the design of the 1553B bus system are given.