“…However, despite having significant potential to contribute to sustainable freight transport systems, these tools are rarely implemented on a larger scale because of a lack of clear business models (Asselin-Miller et al , 2016), collaboration and coordination between actors (Turetken et al , 2019). Furthermore, ITSs often rely upon several crucial factors, such as multi-actor collaboration, complex data sharing processes, new business models, public–private interaction, introduction of new actors and shifting roles of existing actors (Cooper et al , 2019; Leviäkangas and Öörni, 2020; Whittle et al , 2019; Zlocki et al , 2019).…”