Business Models and Network Design in Hinterland Transport

Demurrage and detention: from operational challenges towards solutions

“…Third, shipping lines and terminal operators are prominent players who, in recent years, have tried to gain more control over hinterland transport operations (Meersman et al 2010 ; de Langen et al 2013 ; Gubbi et al 2014 ; Yu et al 2018 ). An example is the shipper’s choice to transport a container either under carrier haulage or merchant haulage.…”

“…By doing this, it maximizes the number of roundtrips per year. The purpose of D&D is consequently to ensure that a shipper returns the container in time so that the shipping line can reuse it (Storm 2011 ; de Langen et al 2013 ; Fazi & Roodbergen 2018 ; FIATA 2018 ; Jeong et al 2020 ; Container xChange 2020 ).…”

Inland terminal location selection using the multi-stakeholder best-worst method

“…The logistical layer contains the organisation of the supply and transport chains, which were originally designed mostly by freight forwarders or other third parties for shippers/consignees in so-called third-party logistics (Douma 2008;De Langen, Fransoo, and van Rooy 2013; Van den Berg and De Langen 2015a). However, in recent times shipping lines have increasingly tended to expand their scope and take greater control of the design of transport chains (which is the basis of this research), with the aim of increasing the Carrier Haulage setups (compared to Merchant Haulage setups) in the hinterlands, which in turn increases their scope from port-to-port to door-to-door transport (Frémont 2009;Franc and Van der Horst 2010).…”

“…Moreover, because the operations of the inland terminal business are not conducted by the shipping line alone but also by other companies in the inland transport chain, multiple stakeholders play a role in selecting the best location (Franc and Van der Horst 2010;Rodrigue et al 2010;Wilmsmeier, Monios, and Lambert 2011;Monios and Wilmsmeier 2012;De Langen, Fransoo, and van Rooy 2013), which is why the problem definition with regard to the shipping line is approached by taking the different objectives of those stakeholders into account. In addition to the objectives of the shipping line itself are the objectives of terminal operators and the transport companies that use the terminal for their operations.…”