In order to achieve competitive advantage in both national and international markets, universities around the world are increasingly adopting strategies for internationalisation. Internationalisation of a university refers to the process of integrating an international, intercultural and global dimension into the purpose, functions and delivery of education and research of the university. It is defined as an ongoing, future-oriented, interdisciplinary, leadership-driven vision that involves many stakeholders working to change the internal dynamics of an institution to respond and adapt appropriately to an ever-changing external environment. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the challenges of a new university to acquire a strong local academic identity and profile to answer the needs of a knowledge-based society driven by globalisation and to highlight the main challenges for the sector in the future. This research found some perceptions of the meaning of internationalisation of higher education in the Chinese context -learning for self-improvement, nationalism -which differentiate Chinese models of internationalisation from those in the West. Moreover, the dominant motivation for internationalisation in the Chinese university is academic development, which is different from the Western universities' more economic rationales. These differences can be attributed to the history of the modernisation of higher education in China, the impact of nationalist revolution on higher education and dual-managerial systems in higher education institutions (HEIs) which involve the Communist Party Committee and the university president.