“…An alternative explanation for relatively low use of smartphones for academic purposes could be related to the design of library websites, databases and connected systems that do not adequately incentivize mobile use. On the contrary, they may have overly complicated interfaces with many unique search tools (Rigda et al , 2018) and disparate vendor-supplied systems (Conrad and Stevens, 2019) that feature locked-down Digital Rights Management systems (Roncevic, 2020, p. 24). More work is needed to understand whether academic systems, and specifically library interfaces, can be optimized for mobile use.…”