Butler network extension to any number of antenna ports

Foster, Harris E.; Hiatt, Ralph E.

doi:10.1109/tap.1970.1139790

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…<5 dB). By inserting the additional power splitting network (PSN, NxM) at antenna ports [5] and power combing network (PCN, LxN or LxJ) at beam ports [6], as shown in Fig. 1, the beam coverage, the sidelobe level, and cross-over point of the antenna can be improved significantly.…”

Section: Generalized Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevation sub-arrays are uniform spacing with 6degree electrical down-tilt, 18 dB upper sidelobe, and 10dB null fill depth. It is worth to mention that, for the even number of the beam ports L, due to the wideband nature of the array (1.71-2.36 GHz), the second kind of sub-arrays with anti-phase element is needed to compensate the 180degree phase shift for the additional antenna ports of the Butler BFN [5].…”

Section: Array Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-polarized wideband multi-beam arrays in wireless communications

Shen

Wang

Bromley

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation &Amp; USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting

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Section: Generalized Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Array Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-polarized wideband multi-beam arrays in wireless communications

Shen

Wang

Bromley

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation &Amp; USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting

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“…Recently, many refinements of Butler matrices have been reported to extend the number of beams/antenna elements to arbitrary number [11]- [14]. By adding a particular hybrid junction to the conventional Butler network, [11] increases the number of antenna ports from 2 n to any number. In [12], a reduced side-lobe four-beam N-element antenna array fed by 4×N butler matrices is presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [12], a reduced side-lobe four-beam N-element antenna array fed by 4×N butler matrices is presented. However, the beams in [11] and [12] are not orthogonal. Reference [13] describes a new kind of Butler matrices with the number of N=2 l 3 m 4 n , where l, m and n are integers using 2×2, 3×3 and 4×4 junctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Synthesizing Orthogonal Beam-Forming Networks Using <italic>QR</italic> Decomposition

2019

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A synthesis method for orthogonal beam-forming networks (BFNs) with arbitrary N inputs and N outputs is presented. Compared to those formerly developed, the new method allows the design of a BFN in order to not only generate arbitrary N orthogonal beams and N inputs but also to make the 180 • hybrids less. This skill is obtained by means of a new approach to decompose the matrices Q 1 and Q 2 which are mentioned by Sodin. The solution of such a design problem can be carried out by applying QR decomposition based on Givens transformations. Such a design method also takes into account the computer programming realization. Numerical results are obtained through the commercial simulator to prove the correctness of the method. The ease, accuracy, and efficiency of this synthesis method for the design of BFN make it very useful in modern applications of multi-beam antenna arrays. INDEX TERMS Orthogonal beam-forming network, butler matrix, arbitrary N beams, QR decomposition, Givens transformations.

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“…The most common BFNs, used recently due to its easy fabrication process and low cost, is Butler matrix which is used for the antenna array feed. It requires N input ports (N beams), N output ports, (N/2)log2(N ) hybrid couplers, and (N/2)log2(N − 1) fixed phase shifters to form the N × N network [13][14][15]. Also, the output ports are spaced in such a way that the elements of the antenna array can be directly attached to the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Compact Practical Passive Beam-Forming Matrix for 3d S-Band Radar

Sadeghi¹,

Moradianpour²,

Hedayati³

et al. 2014

PIER B

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Abstract-In this paper a compact two-layer microstrip passive beam-forming matrix in the 2.9-3.1 GHz frequency band is designed, fabricated, and measured. This 13 × 6 matrix is a passive circuit that can transform the 13 patterns of an antenna array into six possible beams to decrease the complexity for multiplexing/demultiplexing operation in three dimensional Radar. The 90 degrees hybrid couplers with high isolation between two signals and phase shifters between the couplers are used to provide proper signals in outputs. The matrix structure consists of metal walls around transmission lines to eliminate the surface waves. Also, a coaxial to microstrip transition is used to extract accurate measurement results. A special box is designed to cover matrix which has many design considerations such as cutoff frequency, destructive effects on couplers and other parts of matrix, and all of these effects are analyzed and considered to achieve the optimum performance in this paper. The matrix is designed on a substrate Rogers RT5880 with ε r = 2.2, substrate height = 0.787 mm, and loss tangent = 0.0009. Also the thickness of the copper cladding layer is 17 µm. The maximum amplitude and phase errors in outputs are 0.6 dB and 7 • , respectively, and VSWRs are less than 1.35 in the matrix bandwidth with at least 20 dB isolation between all ports.

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Butler network extension to any number of antenna ports

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Dual-polarized wideband multi-beam arrays in wireless communications

Dual-polarized wideband multi-beam arrays in wireless communications

Method of Synthesizing Orthogonal Beam-Forming Networks Using <italic>QR</italic> Decomposition

Design and Implementation of a Compact Practical Passive Beam-Forming Matrix for 3d S-Band Radar

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