Butt rot incidence, yield and growth pattern in a tree species experiment in southwestern Sweden

Vollbrecht, Gudmund; Johansson, Ulf; Eriksson, Harry; Stenlid, Jan

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03550-t

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The thinning interval and timing of harvesting were chosen more precisely than is normal practice, which might have resulted in higher production in the simulation than in reality, but was of the same magnitude for both tree species. Nevertheless, the higher productivity of spruce than of pine stands demonstrated in the current work was in agreement with Vollbrecht et al (1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests – differences in stock levels and regional patterns

Stendahl¹,

Johansson²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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The selection of tree species is one factor to consider if we want to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere through forest management. The objectives of this study were to estimate the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and to examine causes of differences in the accumulation of carbon in the forest soil. Large-scale inventory data was used to quantify variations in SOC stock in relation to stand type and the accumulation of carbon for spruce and pine stands was analysed by simulation. Based on field data, the national mean SOC stock was 9.2 kg m -2 in spruce dominated stands and 5.7 kg m -2 in pine dominated stands. For both species, the SOC stock, measured in the field inventory, increased significantly with increasing temperature, although at different rates. The SOC stock was larger for spruce under all temperature conditions, but the difference between species diminished with increasing temperature. The simulations indicated that the build-up of SOC over several rotations was 22% higher in spruce stands than in pine stands under similar environmental conditions. The main difference was found to be the greater input of harvest residues for spruce. Further, the simulations showed that ground vegetation contributed considerably more to the litter production under pine than under spruce. On sites where both Scots pine and Norway spruce are considered suitable, the latter should be selected if the aim of the forest management policy is to maximize the accumulation of SOC in the forest. Further, spruce is more favourable for SOC accumulation in areas with cold temperatures and on sites with low productivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests – differences in stock levels and regional patterns

Stendahl¹,

Johansson²,

Eriksson³

et al. 2010

Silva Fenn.

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“…In Europe, the probability of infection on a freshly cut stump can be as high as 100% in many countries (Vollbrecht et al 1995). While the basidiospores responsible for past infections in Québec were most likely caused by long-distance dispersal (up to 500 km; Kallio (1970), basidiospores from local infected plantations most probably play an important role in future infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

BérubéJean

PotvinAmélie

StewartDonald

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

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Heterobasidion irregulare is a basidiomyceteous forest pathogenic fungus which causes a root disease capable of killing large trees. Infection probability is proportional to the density of aerial basidiospores infecting freshly cut stumps. The purpose of this study was to quantify for the first time H. irregulare aerial basidiospore density in southern Québec and to determine the importance of a local basidiospore load from a nearby infested plantation. Spore counts from automated rotary arm spore collectors were assayed using a ribosomal ITS TaqMan real-time PCR detection assay. Cumulative basidiospore deposits on a 30-cm stump were estimated to be highest in the infected plantation with 2.37 basidiospores per stump, with decreasing count of 0.52 basidiospores at a 500-m distance and 0.46 basidiospores at a 1.5-km distance. At 5 km from the infected plantation, the number of basidiospores deposited on a stump was 0.22, a value similar to those at distances of 25 and 140 km. Since a single Heterobasidion basidiospore may travel as far as 500 km, the level detected at 5 km may represent the background basidiospore load resulting from long-distance dispersal, and basidiospores from a nearby infected plantation are unlikely to be an added risk of infection to plantations located more than 5 km away. Long distance aerial basidiospore dispersal will remain for now the most important constant source of infectious H. irregulare in Québec. Despite the very low risk level per stump in this study, the large number of trees thinned annually warrants that stump treatment with Rotstop® C is still the best strategy, especially in valuable plantations.Key words: basidiomycetes, basidiospore deposition, biological control, forest pathology, ribosomal ITS, root rot, Rotstop RÉSUMÉHeterobasidion irregulare est un champignon pathogène forestier capable de tuer des arbres de grand diamètre et le risque d'infection est proportionnel à la quantité de basidiospores aériennes qui se déposeront sur les souches des pins rouges fraîchement coupées. Le but de cette étude était de quantifier pour la première fois la densité de basidiospores aériennes dans le sud du Québec et déterminer l'importance de basidiospores locales provenant d'une plantation infectée située à proximité. Le comptage des basidiospores capturées par un collecteur à bras rotatif s' est fait à l'aide de PCR en temps réel avec des sondes TaqMan visant l'ITS de l' ADN ribosomique. Le compte cumulatif de basidiospores sur une souche de 30 cm était maximal, soit 2,37 basidiospores par souche, dans la plantation infectée, suivi de 0,52 basidiospores à 500 m de distance et de 0,46 basidiospores à 1,5 km. À 5 km de la plantation infectée, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores était de 0,22, une valeur semblable à celles se trouvant à 25 et 140 km. Puisque les basidiospores de Heterobasidion sont reconnues pour voyager sur des distances allant jusqu'à 500 km, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores à 5 km peut être considéré comme le niveau basal résultant de la propagation ...

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“…A tendency among Swedish foresters to associate crown symptoms and dead or dying pines with insect attacks is probably one important factor in the reluctance to treat pine stumps. In addition, this commonly held view is reinforced by studies by Vollbrecht et al (1995) suggesting that Scots pine is less susceptible to Heterobasidion than other conifer species, which were based on observations of decay present at stump surface, not on excavated roots. Since no studies have been published in Sweden showing the potential economic benefit from stump treatment of Scots pine stumps, there is no established justification for the forest industry to adopt this treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Two studies to assess the risk to Pinus sylvestris from Heterobasidion spp. in southern Sweden

Rönnberg

Petrylaitė

Nilsson³

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Pine stumps are not being treated against Heterobasidion spp. in Sweden. To determine whether they should be, the frequency of stump infections and the species of Heterobasidion involved were investigated in nine newly thinned pure Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in southern Sweden. The incidence of Heterobasidion was measured in roots of standing Scots pine in another 15 stands. Infections by both H . annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.s. and H . parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen were numerous in stumps six months after a summer thinning. The pathogen, mostly H . annosum , was found in 44 of 60 sampled root systems, from 14 of the 15 stands. Twenty of the infected pines were assessed as healthy on the basis of crown symptoms while 24 trees had defoliated crowns. Infected root systems were most frequent among trees with thin crowns in stands on former agricultural land, where previous thinnings had been carried out during the growing season when airborne spores are plentiful. The study suggests that stump treatment may be a profitable way to reduce disease development in Scots pine monocultures on sandy soils as well as in mixtures with Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] on any soil.

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Butt rot incidence, yield and growth pattern in a tree species experiment in southwestern Sweden

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests – differences in stock levels and regional patterns

Soil organic carbon in Swedish spruce and pine forests – differences in stock levels and regional patterns

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

Two studies to assess the risk to Pinus sylvestris from Heterobasidion spp. in southern Sweden

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