Butterflies of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Pulau Jawa merupakan kawasan yang diketahui memiliki keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu yang cukup tinggi dan mencapai lebih dari 640 spesies. Berdasarkan beberapa asumsi, keanekaragaman kupu-kupu tersebut tersebar pada beberapa taman nasional, termasuk Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB), Jawa Timur. Akan tetapi, keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu di TNB masih belum diketahui dengan jelas. Oleh karena itu, studi awal perlu dilakukan untuk menguji asumsi tersebut. Studi dilakukan pada tiga tipe ekosistem di TNB: hutan manting, savana dan evergreen. Studi ini dilakukan pada Agustus 2014 dengan metode Pollard Walk. Enam puluh tiga spesies kupu-kupu dari lima famili: Papilionidae (1), Nymphalidae (21), Lycaenidae (14), Pieridae (23) dan Hesperiidae (4) berhasil ditemukan. Savana Bekol memiliki perbedaan komunitas yang paling mencolok dibandingkan dengan ekosistem lainnya. Dua ekoton memiliki kesamaan komunitas dan mirip dengan evergreen. Hutan Manting memperlihatkan perbedaan dengan savana dibandingkan dengan evergreen. Ixias venilia merupakan satu-satunya spesies endemik Jawa yang ditemukan di TNB. Perlu dilakukan inventaris lanjutan pada kawasan lainnya di TNB untuk melengkapi keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu yang berguna untuk manajemen konservasi kupu-kupu di TNB.

Butterfly Diversity from Isolated Lowland Area: An Assessment in Langsa Urban Forest, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia

“…The taxonomic grouping of species shows a similar pattern to any previous local-scale research in Indonesia, in which the Nymphalidae usually become the dominant family (Leo et al 2016;Panjaitan et al 2020). This situation is not surprising as Nymphalidae is the largest fam- ily with perhaps 650 species or 34.21% of all known butterflies (Widjaja 2014).…”

“…Poaceae, used by 4 butterfly genera from Hesperidae and Nymphalidae as host plants in LUF, there are Melanitis, Mycalesis, Caltoris dan Potanthus. This was also reported by Leo et al (2016) and Peggie and Amir (2006), Poaceae are widely used as host plants by Hesperidae and Nymphalidae, while Asteraceae and Fabaceae for the Nymphalidae (Peggie & Amir 2006). Therefore, it is not surprising that many Nym-phalidae species were recorded in LUF.…”

“…This situation is not surprising as Nymphalidae is the largest fam- ily with perhaps 650 species or 34.21% of all known butterflies (Widjaja 2014). On the other hand, the lowest number of species was recorded from the inconspicuous family of Hesperidae and is also similar to other areas in Indonesia, such as Baluran National Park (6.35%), Sangihe Island (0.64%), Talaud Island (3.12%) and Landsfill Balai Gadang (4.54%) (Leo et al 2016;Koneri & Nangoy 2019;Muhelni & Anwar 2020). Technical issues may also contribute to the low number of certain families.…”

“…Other studies, even in the vegetation-rich ecosystems also yielded a low number of this family, e.g. Baluran National Parks comprised c. 1.58% (Leo et al 2016).…”

Diversity of Butterflies in Ledokombo Hillocks Jember, East Java, Indonesia

“…(Pieridae), Leptosia nina (Pieridae), Papilio memnon (Papilionidae), Hypolimnas bolina (Nymphalidae), and Mycalesis mineus (Nymphalidae) (Table 2). Previous studies demonstrated that Nymphalidae and Pieridae were the most commonly found butterflies in different habitat types (Leo et al 2016;Koneri et al 2019;Winarni et al 2020;Sukma et al 2021). Moreover, these families were considered the effective bioindicator of environmental health in Bali Barat National Park (Winarni et al 2020).…”