Butyrate esterified to starch is released in the human gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) maintain human colonic function and may help prevent colonic disease. A study with ileostomists showed that starches acylated with specific SCFAs largely survive passage through the small intestine, but the percentage released in the colon has not been established. Objective: The objective was to determine the percentage of ingested esterified butyrate released in the human gastrointestinal tract. Design: The study was a randomized, crossover, controlled trial consisting of baseline and four 2-wk periods during which 16 volunteers consumed diets low in resistant starch plus 20 and 40 g cooked high-amylose maize starch (HAMS: HAMS20 or HAMS40) or butyrylated HAMS (HAMSB20 or HAMSB40) daily. HAMSB20 contained 31.8 mmol esterified butyrate. Complete 48-h fecal collections were made on days 2-3 and 12-13 of each period. Results: Free fecal butyrate concentrations were higher after HAMSB40 than after HAMSB20 (P , 0.005) and HAMS (P , 0.0001) and higher than baseline data (P , 0.0001). Fecal esterified butyrate concentrations were highest in the HAMSB40 (days 12-13; P , 0.0001) group, and concentrations in the HAMSB40 (days 2-3) and HAMSB20 groups were higher than those in the HAMS groups and those at baseline (P , 0.0001). Ingestion of HAMSB20 and HAMSB40 resulted in the release of 26.8 6 1.0 and 50.2 6 2.4 mmol butyrate/d (days 12-13) (84.2 6 3.0% and 79.0 6 3.1% of total ingested esterified butyrate), respectively, in the gastrointestinal tract. By calculation, ;57.2% of ingested esterified butyrate was released in the colon. Microbial analysis showed that this release was probably facilitated mainly by Parabacteroides distasonis, which increased in abundance with HAMSB40 (days 12-13) (P , 0.001).Conclusions: This study shows that cooked butyrylated starch delivers esterified butyrate to the human colon effectively and has the potential to improve human bowel health. This trial is registered in the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN012606000398505.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1276-83.

Systematic Analysis of the Association between Gut Flora and Obesity through High-Throughput Sequencing and Bioinformatics Approaches

“…Parabacteroides distasonis , previously known as Bacteroides distasonis [56], is prominently found in the gut of healthy individuals [57]. It is also related to improved human bowel health release [58] and negatively associated with celiac disease [59]. Our results revealed a positive association between Parabacteroides distasonis and obesity.…”

Dietary Manipulation of Oncogenic MicroRNA Expression in Human Rectal Mucosa: A Randomized Trial

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Effect of Butyrylated Arrowroot Starch to the Digesta Profile and Molar Ratio SCFA

“…Of the major SCFAs, butyrate is of special interest because it is the preferred energy source for colonocytes and promotes a normal phenotype in these cells and hence may protect against cancer and other serious colonic diseases (Clarke et al, 2011). According to Brouns et al (2002), butyric acid is not only able to inhibit colon cancer growth, but is also able to inhibit prostate cancer growth.…”