Butyrate: More Than a Short Chain Fatty Acid

Elfadil, Osman Mohamed; Mundi, Manpreet S.; Abdelmagid, Marwa G; Patel, Ankitaben; Patel, Nishant; Martindale, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00461-4

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Reduced Romboutsia abundance in hypertension has been previously demonstrated in the HELIUS study, but it is unclear whether underlying condition(s) and/or medication were to blame as the association existed with and without correction for antihypertensive medication use. This medication combination also reduced Butyriciocccus likely indicating reduced butyrate production, a microbe known to have several beneficial properties that are essential to maintaining gastrointestinal health …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This medication combination also reduced Butyriciocccus likely indicating reduced butyrate production, a microbe known to have several beneficial properties that are essential to maintaining gastrointestinal health. 51 This study boasts several notable strengths, such as meticulous control over various confounding factors that are recognized for their influence on the gut microbiota. These encompass age, BMI, sex, and diet.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management

Shearer,

Shah,

Shen-Tu

et al. 2024

ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci.

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Human gut microbiota are recognized as critical players in both metabolic disease and drug metabolism. However, medication−microbiota interactions in cardiometabolic diseases are not well understood. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how medication intake impacts the gut microbiota, we investigated the association of microbial structure with the use of single or multiple medications in a cohort of 134 middle-aged adults diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease, recruited from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Predominant cardiometabolic prescription medication classes (12 total) were included in our analysis. Multivariate Association with Linear Model (MaAsLin2) was employed and results were corrected for age, BMI, sex, and diet to evaluate the relationship between microbial features and single-or multimedication use. Highly individualized microbiota profiles were observed across participants, and increasing medication use was negatively correlated with α-diversity. A total of 46 associations were identified between microbial composition and single medications, exemplified by the depletion of Akkermansia muciniphila by β-blockers and statins, and the enrichment of Escherichia/Shigella and depletion of Bacteroides xylanisolvens by metformin. Metagenomics prediction further indicated alterations in microbial functions associated with single medications such as the depletion of enzymes involved in energy metabolism encoded by Eggerthella lenta due to β-blocker use. Specific dual medication combinations also had profound impacts, including the depletion of Romboutsia and Butyriciocccus by statin plus metformin. Together, these results show reductions in bacterial diversity as well as species and microbial functional potential associated with both single-and multimedication use in cardiometabolic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management

Shearer,

Shah,

Shen-Tu

et al. 2024

ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci.

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“…These findings support a hitherto unappreciated role for FFAR3 in preserving mitochondrial form/function and epithelial barrier function in bacterial pathobiont-infected epithelia. Little is known of FFAR3 biology in the gut 60 ; thus, given the recognized benefits of SCFAs to host physiology, 61 greater research on the FFARs/GPRs is warranted. For instance, the recent description of FFAR2/FFAR3 heterodimers 62 is intriguing, and could add nuance to the understanding of the contribution of individual FFARs to a healthy gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate reduces adherent-invasive E. coli -evoked disruption of epithelial mitochondrial morphology and barrier function: involvement of free fatty acid receptor 3

Hamed,

Mohan,

Navaneetha Krishnan

et al. 2023

Gut Microbes

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Gut bacteria provide benefits to the host and have been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) pathobionts ( e.g ., strain LF82) are associated with Crohn’s disease. E. coli -LF82 causes fragmentation of the epithelial mitochondrial network, leading to increased epithelial permeability. We hypothesized that butyrate would limit the epithelial mitochondrial disruption caused by E. coli -LF82. Human colonic organoids and the T84 epithelial cell line infected with E. coli -LF82 (MOI = 100, 4 h) showed a significant increase in mitochondrial network fission that was reduced by butyrate (10 mM) co-treatment. Butyrate reduced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by E. coli -LF82 and increased expression of PGC-1 mRNA, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Metabolomics revealed that butyrate significantly altered E. coli -LF82 central carbon metabolism leading to diminished glucose uptake and increased succinate secretion. Correlating with preservation of mitochondrial network form/function, butyrate reduced E. coli -LF82 transcytosis across T84-cell monolayers. The use of the G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, implicated GPCR signaling as critical to the effect of butyrate, and the free fatty acid receptor three (FFAR3, GPR41) agonist, AR420626, reproduced butyrate’s effect in terms of ameliorating the loss of barrier function and reducing the mitochondrial fragmentation observed in E. coli -LF82 infected T84-cells and organoids. These data indicate that butyrate helps maintain epithelial mitochondrial form/function when challenged by E. coli -LF82 and that this occurs, at least in part, via FFAR3. Thus, loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in IBD in the context of pathobionts would contribute to loss of epithelial mitochondrial and barrier functions that could evoke disease and/or exaggerate a low-grade inflammation.

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“…In rare cases, patients have severe bleeding that requires transfusions, diarrhea, or sepsis from deep ulceration, protein-losing colopathy, and malnutrition [ 14 ]. Patients who are not candidates for the restoration of intestinal continuity may be treated with short-chain fatty acid enemas, topical 5-aminosalicylic acid agents, topical glucocorticoids, and proctectomy or sigmoid colectomy with proctectomy for refractory symptoms [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Colectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Nutritional Issues after Lower Digestive Tract Surgery: The Important Role of the Dietitian in a Multidisciplinary Setting

Utrilla Fornals,

Costas-Batlle,

Medlin

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Many patients undergo small bowel and colon surgery for reasons related to malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mesenteric ischemia, and other benign conditions, including post-operative adhesions, hernias, trauma, volvulus, or diverticula. Some patients arrive in the operating theatre severely malnourished due to an underlying disease, while others develop complications (e.g., anastomotic leaks, abscesses, or strictures) that induce a systemic inflammatory response that can increase their energy and protein requirements. Finally, anatomical and functional changes resulting from surgery can affect either nutritional status due to malabsorption or nutritional support (NS) pathways. The dietitian providing NS to these patients needs to understand the pathophysiology underlying these sequelae and collaborate with other professionals, including surgeons, internists, nurses, and pharmacists. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the nutritional and metabolic consequences of different types of lower gastrointestinal surgery and the role of the dietitian in providing comprehensive patient care. This article reviews the effects of small bowel resection on macronutrient and micronutrient absorption, the effects of colectomies (e.g., ileocolectomy, low anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection, and proctocolectomy) that require special dietary considerations, nutritional considerations specific to ostomized patients, and clinical practice guidelines for caregivers of patients who have undergone a surgery for local and systemic complications of IBD. Finally, we highlight the valuable contribution of the dietitian in the challenging management of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.

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Butyrate: More Than a Short Chain Fatty Acid

Cited by 18 publications

References 73 publications

Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management

Microbial Features Linked to Medication Strategies in Cardiometabolic Disease Management

Butyrate reduces adherent-invasive E. coli -evoked disruption of epithelial mitochondrial morphology and barrier function: involvement of free fatty acid receptor 3

Metabolic and Nutritional Issues after Lower Digestive Tract Surgery: The Important Role of the Dietitian in a Multidisciplinary Setting

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