Bystander effect induced changes in apoptosis related proteins and terminal differentiation inin vitromurine bladder cultures

Abstract

These data suggest that the bystander signal produced in a multicellular environment induces complex changes in the ITCM-treated culture, and that these changes are reflective of a coordinated response to maintain integrity throughout the tissue.

Neutrons do not produce a bystander effect in zebrafish irradiated in vivo

“…Similarly, apoptosis of individual cells, such as was seen in the explants, could be benefi cial if it rid the fi sh of potentially mutated or otherwise damaged cells. Th e reporter system has been well characterized in our laboratory and has been used to report signal production from human, rodent, fi sh and crustacean tissues as well as many mammalian and fi sh cell lines (Mothersill et al 2001b, 2006b, O ' Dowd et al 2006, Ryan et al 2008, Vines et al 2009.…”

Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation—Implications for low dose risk

“…From these results and others, it is reasonable to propose that the biological consequences of such a wide range of responses can be both damaging (i.e., sister chromatid exchanges, gene mutation, and transformation in vitro , and in vivo induction of medullablastoma through the transmission of bystander signals from the back of the irradiated mice to the cerebellum) [137] and protective (i.e., apoptotic cell death in vivo and in vitro , as well as the enhancement of cell differentiation with loss of proliferation in tissue in vivo with either high- or low-LET radiation) [141, 152, 153]. …”

“…Observations of bystander responses in in vitro systems have led to suggestions that at low doses these non-targeted effects could contribute to substantial elevations in low dose risk [170], although this interpretation has been challenged [171]. On the other hand, it has been suggested that such bystander effects could be part of a sensitive response system and thus be protective [152, 172–174]. …”

Intercellular Communication in Response to Radiation Induced Stress: Bystander Effects in Vitro and in Vivo and Their Possible Clinical Implications

“…Not always, however, radiation induced bystander effect has a damaging action. The signals emitted to the microenvironment by irradiated cells seem to induce in cells unexposed to radiation more complex effects, inter alia their differentiation, probably as a comprehensive response in order to preserve the integrity of the tissue (Belyakov et al, 2006, Vines et al 2009). …”