Bystander effects induced by serum from survivors of the Chernobyl accident

Marozik, Pavel; Mothersill, Carmel; Seymour, Colin; Mosse, Irma; Melnov, Sergeyi

doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.029

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Significantly higher frequency of C-MN have been observed using this assay in a number of radiation-exposed groups exposed at relatively low levels of radiation dose (generally <100 mSv) [43, 59], also in an individual receiving a large (65 Gy) therapeutic dose [60]. The finding of significantly elevated MN prevalence in immortalized HPV-G cells exposed to serum samples from Chornobyl cleanup workers from Belarus some 20 years after exposure is of interest [25]. However, the study did not directly examine the rates of MN in the blood cells of the Belarus cleanup workers, but rather the effects of the soluble factors contained in sera from radiation-exposed subjects on human immortalized reporter cells treated with these sera, and as such is only tangentially relevant to the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of MN in intact cells exposed to serum samples from Chornobyl cleanup workers in Belarus 20 years after exposure observed a significant elevation in MN counts, suggestive of clastogenic factors in their exposed serum which could induce instability [25]. It has been suggested that radiation is one of a number of agents capable of inducing such MN-associated instability [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Bazyka¹,

Finch²,

Ilienko³

et al. 2017

Environ Health

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BackgroundIonizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen. Chromosome aberrations, and in particular micronuclei represent an early biological predictor of cancer risk. There are well-documented associations of micronuclei with ionizing radiation dose in some radiation-exposed groups, although not all. That associations are not seen in all radiation-exposed groups may be because cells with micronuclei will not generally pass through mitosis, so that radiation-induced micronuclei decay, generally within a few years after exposure.MethodsBuccal samples from a group of 111 male workers in Ukraine exposed to ionizing radiation during the cleanup activities at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant were studied. Samples were taken between 12 and 18 years after their last radiation exposure from the Chornobyl cleanup. The frequency of binucleated micronuclei was analyzed in relation to estimated bone marrow dose from the cleanup activities along with a number of environmental/occupational risk factors using Poisson regression adjusted for overdispersion.ResultsAmong the 105 persons without a previous cancer diagnosis, the mean Chornobyl-related dose was 59.5 mSv (range 0–748.4 mSv). There was a borderline significant increase in micronuclei frequency among those reporting work as an industrial radiographer compared with all others, with a relative risk of 6.19 (95% CI 0.90, 31.08, 2-sided p = 0.0729), although this was based on a single person. There was a borderline significant positive radiation dose response for micronuclei frequency with increase in micronuclei per 1000 scored cells per Gy of 3.03 (95% CI -0.78, 7.65, 2-sided p = 0.1170), and a borderline significant reduction of excess relative MN prevalence with increasing time since last exposure (p = 0.0949). There was a significant (p = 0.0388) reduction in MN prevalence associated with bone X-ray exposure, but no significant trend (p = 0.3845) of MN prevalence with numbers of bone X-ray procedures.ConclusionsThere are indications of increasing trends of micronuclei prevalence with Chornobyl-cleanup-associated dose, and indications of reduction in radiation-associated excess prevalence of micronuclei with time after exposure. There are also indications of substantially increased micronuclei associated with work as an industrial radiographer. This analysis adds to the understanding of the long-term effects of low-dose radiation exposures on relevant cellular structures and methods appropriate for long-term radiation biodosimetry.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0273-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Bazyka¹,

Finch²,

Ilienko³

et al. 2017

Environ Health

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“…Microarray studies revealed that the profile of gene expression in irradiated cells was different from that in unirradiated cells which exhibited evidence of bystander effect, with only part of the genes whose expression has been modulated in the irradiated cells being altered in unirradiated cells receiving media from irradiated cells [62]. Moreover, the bystander effect could reportedly be elicited in unirradiated cells using cells that have received irradiation decades ago [63]. Bystander effect is believed to be at least partially responsible for the risk of occurrence of secondary leukaemia in cancer survivors that have been treated with radio-or chemotherapy for the primary tumour [64,65].…”

Section: Bystander Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

Some problems and errors in cytogenetic biodosimetry

Mosse

Kilchevsky

Nikolova

et al. 2016

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Human radiosensitivity is a quantitative trait that is generally subject to binomial distribution. Individual radiosensitivity, however, may deviate significantly from the mean (by 2-3 standard deviations). Thus, the same dose of radiation may result in different levels of genotoxic damage (commonly measured as chromosome aberration rates) in different individuals. There is significant genetic component in individual radiosensitivity. It is related to carriership of variant alleles of various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (most of these in genes coding for proteins functioning in DNA damage identification and repair); carriership of a different number of alleles producing cumulative effects; amplification of gene copies coding for proteins responsible for radioresistance, mobile genetic elements and others. Among the other factors influencing individual radioresistance are: the radioadaptive response; the bystander effect; the levels of endogenous substances with radioprotective and antimutagenic properties and environmental factors such as lifestyle and diet, physical activity, psychoemotional state, hormonal state, certain drugs, infections and others. These factors may have radioprotective or sensibilizing effects. Apparently, there are too many factors that may significantly modulate the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Thus, conventional methodologies for biodosimetry (specifically, cytogenetic methods) may produce significant errors if personal traits that may affect radioresistance are not accounted for.

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“…These factors were proven to induce chromosome damage in the cultured cells. [44][45][46] The bystander and clastogenic factors may have similar nature, yet their exact molecular identity still needs to be defined. However, notwithstanding what precisely the signal is and how it can damage the germline, the current study is the first to provide solid evidence that the localized cranial irradiation can damage the completely shielded germline and lead to further epigenetic changes in the offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal cranial irradiation induces distant bystander DNA damage in the germline and leads to epigenetic alterations in the offspring

Tamminga

Koturbash²,

Baker³

et al. 2008

Cell Cycle

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It is now well accepted that parental whole body irradiation causes transgenerational genome and epigenome instability in the offspring. The majority of human exposures to radiation, such as therapeutic and diagnostic irradiation, are localized and focused. The potential of localized body-part exposures to affect the germline and thus induce deleterious changes in the progeny has not been studied. To investigate whether or not the paternal cranial irradiation can exert deleterious changes in the protected germline, we studied the accumulation of DNA damage in the shielded testes tissue. Here we report that the localized paternal cranial irradiation results in a significant accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions in sperm cells and leads to a profound epigenetic dysregulation in the unexposed progeny conceived a week after paternal exposure.

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Bystander effects induced by serum from survivors of the Chernobyl accident

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Buccal mucosa micronuclei counts in relation to exposure to low dose-rate radiation from the Chornobyl nuclear accident and other medical and occupational radiation exposures

Some problems and errors in cytogenetic biodosimetry

Paternal cranial irradiation induces distant bystander DNA damage in the germline and leads to epigenetic alterations in the offspring

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