C-14 analysis of groundwater down to the millilitre level

Molnár, Mihály; Hajdas, Irka; Janovics, Róbert; Rinyu, László; Synal, Hans-Arno; Veres, Mihály; Wacker, Lukas

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2012.03.038

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The method described here is based directly on the work of Molnár et al (2013), but since this new version does not involve expensive apparatus such as a GasBench to control and extract the sample CO 2 , it can be easily adapted in a radiocarbon graphite preparation laboratory and measured on almost any AMS system, not just those equipped with a gas ion source. This has been demonstrated by the satisfactory results on standards obtained with the PKUAMS.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molnár et al (2013) developed a similar headspace-extraction technique for DI 14 C analysis of groundwater. In the method of Molnár et al (2013), after acidifying the water sample, CO 2 in the headspace is carried out using a helium (He) flow through a double-hole needle on a GasBench autosampler, and then transferred to either an Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE) or a gas ion source AMS (Mini Radiocarbon Dating System MICADAS) directly for 14 C analysis. For AGE 14 C analyses, 10 mL groundwater is needed and 80% to 85% of the DIC from acidified water samples can be extracted with a precision of 3.4‰ (± 1σ) for modern water samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, a high-throughput method for preparing DIC samples for high-precision 14 C-AMS analysis was developed on the basis of the headspace-extraction approach of Molnár et al (2013). The new method uses a syringe to transfer headspaceequilibrated gases containing the sample CO 2 to a vacuum line.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torres et al (2005) reported an online method using a Finnigan GasBench-II headspace autosampler coupled with a Finnigan DELTA plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) for precise δ 13 C measurements of DIC. Molnár et al (2013) developed a similar headspace-extraction technique for DI 14 C analysis of groundwater. In the method of Molnár et al (2013), after acidifying the water sample, CO 2 in the headspace is carried out using a helium (He) flow through a double-hole needle on a GasBench autosampler, and then transferred to either an Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE) or a gas ion source AMS (Mini Radiocarbon Dating System MICADAS) directly for 14 C analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid sample preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon in natural waters using a headspace‐extraction approach for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We have established a high-throughput headspace-extraction method for the preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from water samples for radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Readily available septum-sealed screw cap vials were used for sample processing. Headspace-equilibrated gases with sample CO 2 were transferred using a syringe and cryogenically purified on a vacuum line for graphitization and 14 C-AMS measurements in the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS facility at the University of California, Irvine (KCCAMS/UCI). Systematic investigations have shown that the extraction process does not introduce contaminants that could bias the 14 C measurements and that the 14 C results for standards are consistent with their consensus values. Large numbers of duplicate measurements have established a precision of 1.7‰ for modern samples with an average background of ~43,400 radiocarbon year for graphite target samples > 0.3 mg carbon. Seawater samples collected from Newport Beach, California, and processed using the headspace-extraction method yielded 14 C results in excellent agreement with published values obtained with conventional DIC stripping (≤ ± 2σ). The simplicity of our headspace-extraction approach allows its easy adaptation/implementation to any isotope lab, as we demonstrate here by a series of tests carried out at Peking University, China (PKU). With this innovative method, just 30 mL seawater per sample is needed. Coupled with the sealed tube zinc reduction method, 15 water samples can be prepared and graphitized in 1 day. (McNichol et al. 1994) the DIC in acidified water samples is stripped out as CO 2 using an inert nitrogen (N 2 ) carrier gas on a vacuum line and then converted to graphite. This method can fully extract (> 98%) the DIC from water samples and provides an excellent precision of 2.0‰ and 0.2‰ (± 1σ standard deviation [stdev]) for Δ 14 C (as defined in Stuiver and Polach 1977) and δ 13

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid sample preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon in natural waters using a headspace‐extraction approach for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Molnár et al . () tested simple methods without the need for vacuum for the preparation of groundwater samples (≈ 1 ml) for 14 C measurements. While sample preparation for classical radiocarbon dating generally aims at minimising sample sizes (e.g., Druffel et al .…”

Section: Advances In Accelerator‐based Methods (Contribution By R Bumentioning

confidence: 99%

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2010

Wiedenbeck

Bugoi

Duke

et al. 2012

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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Advances in the chemical and isotopic characterisation of geological and environmental materials can often be ascribed to technological improvements in analytical hardware. Equally, the creation of novel methods of data acquisition and interpretation, including access to better reference materials, can also be crucial components enabling important breakthroughs. This biennial review highlights key advances in either instrumentation or data acquisition and treatment, which have appeared since January 2010. This review is based on the assessments by scientists prominent in each of the given analytical fields; it is not intended as an exhaustive summary, but rather provides insight from experts of the most significant advances and trends in their given field of expertise. In contrast to earlier reviews, this presentation has been formulated into a unified work, providing a single source covering a broad spectrum of geoanalytical techniques. Additionally, some themes that were not previously emphasised, in particular thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, accelerator‐based methods and vibrational spectroscopy, are also presented in detail.

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Rapid extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating

Gospodinova

McNichol

Gagnon

et al. 2015

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We designed and developed a system to efficiently extract dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating. The Rapid Extraction of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System (REDICS) utilizes a gas-permeable polymer membrane contactor to extract the DIC from an acidified water sample in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), introduce it to a helium gas stream, cryogenically isolate it, and store it for stable and radiocarbon isotope analysis. The REDICS system offers multiple advantages to the DIC extraction method which has been used for the last several decades at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, including faster DIC extraction, streamlined analysis, and minimized set-up and prep time. The system was tested using sodium carbonate and seawater standards, duplicates of which were also processed on the water stripping line (WSL) at NOSAMS. The results demonstrate that the system successfully extracts, quantifies, and stores more than 99% of the DIC in less than 20 min. Stable and radiocarbon isotope analysis demonstrated system precision of 0.04& and 7.8&, respectively. A Sargasso Sea depth profile was used to further validate the system. The results show high precision for both stable and radiocarbon analysis with pooled standard deviations of 0.02& and 5.6&, respectively. A comparison between the REDICS and WSL analyses indicates a good accuracy for both stable and radio-isotope analysis.Since the start of the Industrial Revolution roughly 40% of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has remained in the atmosphere, increasing CO 2 concentration by about 100 parts-per-million, and another 30% has been absorbed by the oceans (Doney et al. 2009). The input of CO 2 to the atmosphere is contributing to global warming while abiotic absorption by the ocean is resulting in ocean acidification. The rate of both of these effects is predicted to increase substantially over the next century (Doney et al. 2009). Recent work has indicated that for accurate characterization of these effects the ocean cannot be thought of as a simple global sink for CO 2 because of the complexity of the dissolved CO 2 system (Sabine et al. 2004). To reliably determine the distribution of the anthropogenic CO 2 several processes need to be well understood: CO 2 transfer across the sea surface-air interface, ocean circulation and mixing, and the "biological pump," namely the transfer of organic carbon synthesized at the surface to the ocean bottom, reoxidization to inorganic carbon, and circulation back to the surface. The spatial and temporal changes of these processes are not well characterized, and geochemical tracers such as the radiocarbon content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DI 14 C) can be used to study and quantify them (Peng et al. 1997).In 1988, the World Climate Research Programme initiated the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) hydrographic survey program (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1...

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C-14 analysis of groundwater down to the millilitre level

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Rapid sample preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon in natural waters using a headspace‐extraction approach for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry

Rapid sample preparation of dissolved inorganic carbon in natural waters using a headspace‐extraction approach for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2010

Rapid extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating

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