C–C bonded bis-5,6 fused triazole–triazine compound: an advanced heat-resistant explosive with high energy and low sensitivity

Abstract

It is still an urgent problem in the field of energetic materials to explore the synthesis of heat-resistant compounds with balanced energy and thermal stability through simple synthetic. Recently, fused...

Regulating the Thermal Stability and Energy of Fused-Ring Energetic Materials by Hydrazo Bridging and Hydrogen-Bonding Networks

“…The molecular structure of compound 1 is shown in Figure 2a. The bond length of C2-NO 2 in 1•2DMSO is 1.416(3) Å (Table S2), which is a little shorter than those in compounds I−VII (1.420−1.467 Å) [9][10][11][12]15,16,[35][36][37]48,49 4) Å, which is similar to those in compounds VIII (1.379(9) Å) 48 and IX (1.401(9) Å). 49 (129.2(2)°).…”

“…The molecular structure of compound 1 is shown in Figure a. The bond length of C2-NO 2 in 1 ·2DMSO is 1.416(3) Å (Table S2), which is a little shorter than those in compounds I–VII (1.420–1.467 Å) − ,,,− ,, and 2 (1.438(7) Å). This could be attributed to the continuous strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds (N3–H3B···O2 and N1–H1···O1) introduced by the vicinal −NH 2 /–NO 2 /–NH–.…”

“…Some energetic molecules based on C–C-bonded 5/6-fused-ring skeletons have been reported as thermally stable and insensitive EMs in recent years. As shown in Figure b, 7,7′-bis­(4-amino-3,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1- c ]­[1,2,4]­triazine) ( V ), 7,7′-(4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)­bis­(4-amino-3-nitrotriazolo-[5,1- c ]­[1,2,4]­triazine) ( VI ), and 7,7′-bis­(4-amino-3-nitrotriazolo-[5,1- c ]­[1,2,4]-triazine) ( VII ) possess a high decomposition temperature ( T d ) over 310 °C as well as a low impact sensitivity (IS). Notably, the detonation properties of C–C-bonded 5/6-fused-ring EMs tend to be decreased as compared to 5/6-fused-ring EMs.…”

Synthesis and characterization of imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,4]oxadiazole‐functionalized furazan energetic compounds

“…As an important branch of energetic compounds, novel fused-ring energetic compounds have received special attention from researchers of energetic materials [1][2][3]. Compared with a single heterocyclic ring, a planar fused ring skeleton possesses higher enthalpy of formation, larger ring tension, and can store more chemical energy, and it also has better thermal stability and sensitivity, which offers considerable potential in the development of novel high energy density materials (HEDMs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among them, [5,5] fused ring compounds have attracted much attention due to their advantages of large ring tension, planar configuration, and simple structure [11].…”

A multi-fused heat-resistant energetic compound constructed by hydrogen bonds

“…[1][2][3] Notably, heat-resistant energetic materials with a decomposition temperature exceeding 250 1C are particularly prevalent in oil and gas extraction and aerospace exploration engineering. 4 For instance, as drilling depths exceed 7000 m, temperatures within the earth can surpass 300 1C, necessitating the use of heat-resistant explosives with superior thermal stability to meet the perforation requirements for deep oil and gas extraction. 5 The present study reviews the historical development of heat-resistant energetic materials, highlighting the widespread use of monocyclic aromatic heat-resistant explosives, such as HNS and TATB, polycyclic aromatic heatresistant explosives, such as PYX, and aliphatic heterocyclic heat-resistant explosives, such as HMX.…”