C-Cells: Source of Calcitonin

Lietz, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65208-0_4

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…It was interesting to note that the process of dissociation itself yielded a cell population that was enriched with parafollicular cells as compared with the intact gland. Perhaps this can be explained by the morphological arrangement of the tissue, as parafollicular cells are located most peripherally in the follicles (19) and would be exposed to trypsin before the follicular cells . Parafollicular cells may also be somewhat more stable than follicular cells and survive better.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(No attempt was made to determine whether follicular cells would phagocytize Sepharose beads that were not coupled to thyroglobulin as well as the coupled beads.) Parafollicular cells, on the other hand, not only are not stimulated to become phagocytic by TSH but these cells, furthermore, never reach the luminal colloid and are not exposed to thyroglobulin in situ (19) . It seemed unlikely, therefore, that parafollicular cells would show any special affinity for thyroglobulin and thus be retarded in their passage through the columns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parfollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells

Bernd¹,

Gershon²,

Ea³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Parafollicular cells (PC) of the sheep thyroid gland are neural crest derivatives that synthesize and release the biogenic amine serotonin (5-HT) as well as the hormone calcitonin . The thyroid also contains a highly specific serotonin-binding protein (SBP) . Separation of dissociated thyroid cells was done to study the cellular localization of SBP and to develop a means of isolating PC for study. Various methods were used to obtain an enriched and purified population of PC . Minced thyroid glands were enzymatically dissociated and the cells were layered on a Ficoll linear density gradient . Fractions obtained from the gradient were examined for cell number, viability, 5-HT concentration, SBP activity, and morphology by electron microscopy . One of the fractions was found to be enriched in PC . High levels of 5-HT and SBP were also found in this fraction, whereas these levels were low where the majority of cells were found . This PC-rich fraction, however, contained numerous follicular cells (FC) ; therefore, additional approaches to cell separation were used . FC can be stimulated in vitro with thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) to become intensely phagocytic . When stimulated cells were incubated in the presence of silica microspheres, the FC engulfed the microspheres, which were toxic to them . PC did not become phagocytic and were unharmed by the microspheres . Suspended cells, after incubation with microspheres, were centrifuged on a discontinuous gradient, and a PC-rich fraction was obtained . Silica, however, interfered with analysis of SBP. Another method to take advantage of the phagocytic potential of FC was therefore used . TSHstimulated cell suspensions were passed through a column of Sepharose to which thyroglobulin had been coupled . Stimulated FC apparently adhered to the beads and were retained by the columns. Fractions eluting from the columns were greatly enriched with PC . These fractions contained high levels of 5-HT and SBP, and considerably reduced FC contamination was found by quantitative electron microscopy . It is concluded that SBP is localized to PC in the sheep thyroid . The idea that these cells resemble serotonergic neurons in their mechanisms of 5-HT storage is supported .The thyroid glands of all mammalian species that have been examined have been found to contain the biogenic amine, serotonin (5-HT ; 25) . The concentration of 5-HT in these glands is particularly high in the rat, sheep, horse, goat, bat, and callithricid primate (8,20, 22,25,31); however, the site of 5-HT storage differs among these species . In the rat, 5-HT is found in mast cells (21). In the sheep, horse, goat, bat, and THE JOURNAL Of CELL BIOLOGY " VOLUME 88 MARCH 1981 499-508 ©The Rockefeller University Press " 0021-9525/81/03/0499/10 $1 .00 callithricid primate, 5-HT is not contained in thyroid mast cells but, instead, the amine is concentrated in the parafollicular cells ofthe glands (8, 11) . There is evidence that 5-HT is stored within the same secretory granules that also contain calcitonin (3,1...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parfollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells

Bernd¹,

Gershon²,

Ea³

et al. 1981

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Hence, these two elements may be closely associated in the adult thyroid; however, the ultimobranchial body itself does not show calcitonin immunoreactivity and should not be considered as hyperplastic C cells (12,13). In humans, C cells are found along the lateral aspects of the thyroid lobes in the upper two-thirds of the gland.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

C-cells and their associated lesions and conditions: a pathologists perspective

Baloch¹,

LiVolsi²

2015

TJPATH

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This paper updates the histopathology and cytopathology of thyroid tumors and proliferations derived from the para-follicular or C cells. Beginning with an historical over view, including the recognition of medullary thyroid carcinoma as a distinct histologic entity, its relationship to the hormone, calcitonin, (which was discovered in the same decade) and to thyroid C cells, medullary carcinoma and its variants are reviewed. The molecular biology of the tumors and the associated mutations in the tumors (somatic mutations) are discussed. Additionally the genetic features (germline mutations) including familial clusters and associations with other endocrine and neuroendocrine lesions are reviewed. Screening for the tumor and its precursors is included with a review of the latest American Thyroid Association guidelines for treatment as well as timing and approach to surgery. Tabular data of specific germline mutations and their relationships to tumor virulence, and prognosis are illustrated. Precursor and early C cell lesions such as C-cell hyperplasia and micro-medullary carcinoma are discussed. Difficulties and controversies in the definition of C-cell proliferations which are neoplastic and those which are "reactive" are reviewed. The entity of medullary microcarcinoma or medullary microcarcinoma is illustrated and the distinction between C cell nodules and microcarcinoma is defined using the latest available criteria. Finally the latest approved chemotherapeutic agents and their results in metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma are included.

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“…During the past few years considerable evidence is accumulating to suggest that the neoplasm also has a distinct histogenesis. O n the basis of comparative morphological studies, Williams ( 1966) proposed that medullary thyroid carcinoma was derived from parafollicular cells, which are now considered as the calcitonin producing cells of the thyroid gland and commonly referred to as "C-cells" (for review, see Lietz 1971). Later, it was realized that cells in the tumour show ultrastructural similarity to the mammalian calcitonin secreting cells (Braunstein , Meyer & AbdeZ-Bari 1968.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Argentaffin Cells in Human Thyroid and Parathyroid and Their Relationship to C‐cells and Medullary Carcinoma

Ljungberg

1972

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Patholog

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Patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma may show two histochemically different populations of non‐follicular cells in those parts of the thyroid parenchyma as are not involved by the neoplasm. Besides cells with characteristics consistent with C‐cells (basic dye metachromasia and argyrophilia), there is a second, topographically and morphologically distinct population of extra‐follicular cells which show argentaffin and orthochromatic cytoplasmic granules. These cells were found in 13 out of 25 cases of medullary carcinoma and they were also present in parathyroid glands in 5 out of 8 of these patients. Their malignant counterparts in the tumours were found in 20 out of 34 cases. Argentaffin and orthochromatic cells were only sporadically seen in a series consisting of various benign thyroid diseases and they were totally absent in cases of malignant neoplasms other than medullary carcinoma. The nature of the argentaffin (orthochromatic) cell is enigmatic. It may be related to the C‐cell, but its characteristic morphology and topography suggest that it is a distinct type of cell with different functions.

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C-Cells: Source of Calcitonin

Cited by 8 publications

References 125 publications

Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parfollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells

Separation of dissociated thyroid follicular and parfollicular cells: association of serotonin binding protein with parafollicular cells

C-cells and their associated lesions and conditions: a pathologists perspective

Argentaffin Cells in Human Thyroid and Parathyroid and Their Relationship to C‐cells and Medullary Carcinoma

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