2012
DOI: 10.1021/jo301065s
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C–H Bond Functionalization Under Metalation–Deprotonation Process: Regioselective Direct Arylation of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine

Abstract: Concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) approach with appropriate proton shuttle precursor, base, and solvent (PivOH-K(2)CO(3)-toluene) has rendered a regioselective Pd-catalyzed C6-arylation of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, a therapeutically relevant scaffold accessible by multicomponent reaction. The arylation of this heteroarene suffers from competing C5 and C2'-arylation reactions, while the developed process has virtually eliminated these competing arylations. Density functional calculations for CMD C-H… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…22 Pivalic acid exhibited superior C6 selectivity compared with MesCO 2 H (44.4:1 for C6:C2 product). Other sources of pivalate, such as CsOPiv, were unreactive.…”
Section: Hetar-h Hetar-brmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…22 Pivalic acid exhibited superior C6 selectivity compared with MesCO 2 H (44.4:1 for C6:C2 product). Other sources of pivalate, such as CsOPiv, were unreactive.…”
Section: Hetar-h Hetar-brmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…[ 6–11 ] Particularly, palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation involves coupling of the aryl halide with the sp 2 ‐sp 2 CH functionality to accomplish aryl–aryl bond formation. [ 12–18 ] Concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) is a possible mechanism for CH bond activation, [ 19–23 ] with deprotonation of the aryl moiety by the carboxylate/carbonate and metalation to Pd occurring concurrently. Combination of oxidative addition, CMD, and reductive elimination completes one catalytic cycle, yielding an aryl–aryl bond.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[23] Die Verwendung von TMP 2 Mg·2 LiCl (14, 1.1 ¾quiv) bei À78 8C erlaubt eine selektive Magnesierung in Position 5, da dieses das am besten zugängliche, aktivierte Proton ist. [1][2][3][4][5]. [24] Ebenso erfolgt keine Metallierung in Position 6, da diese Position weniger durch die Lewis-Säure aktiviert ist (induktiver Effekt).…”
Section: Angewandte Zuschriftenunclassified
“…[1] Außerdem finden sie interessante Anwendungen in der Materialwissenschaft und der Polymerchemie. [5] Ebenso sind eine Reihe von LiCl-solubilisierten TMP-Metallbasen (TMP = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidyl) bekannt. Jedoch sind wegen der geringen Stabilität der entstehenden lithiierten N-Heterocyclen tiefe Temperaturen sowie sorgfältig geplante Reaktionsbedingungen nçtig.…”
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