C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrodes-Based Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensors

Pramanick, Bidhan; Mandal, Naresh; Mondal, Debasis; RoyChaudhuri, C.; Chakraborty, Suman

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3001038

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The lower the ratio relates to the higher crystallinity and the lower disordered nature of the carbon [50]. Based on these results and our previous studies, the carbon's microstructure is glassy in nature [47,48].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The fabricated GCE was characterized using several techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Extensive work on the impact of pyrolysis process parameters variation was reported somewhere else [47,48]. A schematic illustration of the conversion of SU-8 electrodes to carbon electrodes is shown in Figure 1(a).…”

Section: Characterization Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Pramanick

Mandal

Mitra

2022

Preprint

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, the world has experienced more than 568 million positive cases and more than 6 million deaths due to COVID infection. WHO declared a pandemic due to the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the fight against this pandemic is not over yet. The significant reasons for virus spread are the lack of detection kits, appropriate detection techniques, delay in detection, asymptomatic cases and failure in mass screening. In the last two years, several researchers and medical companies have introduced successful test kits to detect the infection of symptomatic patients in real-time, and it was needed to monitor the spreading. But it is equally important to have information on the asymptomatic cases, which can be done by antibody testing for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. We have developed a simple, advantageous immobilization procedure for rapidly detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in this work. Carbon-MEMS-derived glassy carbon (GC) is used as the sensor electrode, and the detection is based on covalently linking the SARS-CoV-2 antibody to the GC surface. Glutaraldehyde was a cross-linker between antibody and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The binding was investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was utilized to measure the change in total impedance before and after incubation of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody with various concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. It is observed that the developed sensor can sense 1 fg/ml to 1 µg/ml concentration of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This detection is label-free, and the chances of false alarm are almost nil. The developed sensor can be used for mass screening as it is cost-effective.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Characterization Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Pramanick

Mandal

Mitra

2022

Preprint

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“…To report the crystallinity of the GCE, Raman spectroscopy (inVia Qontor, Renishaw plc, UK) using a 514 nm Ar laser source was used. These results have been reported in our previous published work [21]. For surface characterization, contact angle measurements and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were performed.…”

Section: Structural and Surface Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of C-MEMS derived bio-modified glassy carbon electrode

Patel¹,

Islam²,

Mandal³

et al. 2022

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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In this work, we have developed a Carbon-MicroElectroMechanical Systems (C-MEMS) derived glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (nf-EIS) measurement to detect electrode interfacial changes upon biomodificaiton. This is carried out using a three-electrode system configuration. The fabricated electrode was electrochemically characterized in phosphate buffered solution and then changes in impedance were observed upon bio-modification of the electrode surface. The absence of any labeling molecule and the use of no redox indicators make the measurement system simpler and more precise. The investigations were done using a standard deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immobilization on the GCE. The surface modification was done using a two-step assembly protocol of linking the probe to the carbon electrode and blocking the unwanted sites using a spacer chemical- mercaptohexanol (MCH). The results obtained clearly help us to understand the electrical signatures upon bio modification of electrodes with in presence of probe and its-complementary DNA target. nf-EIS relies on various microscopic interactions, which occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface system. We are currently working on extending this study to develop a precise, accurate and sensitive sensor to detect bio-molecular interactions occurring on the GCE to detect disease-causing microorganisms in contaminated water samples.

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“…Generally, most studies employed GCE (seven studies) and Au (four studies) as the working electrode in the fabrication of electrochemical aptasensors to detect Salmonella . This is probably because carbon and Au offer higher electrochemical stability over a wider range of potentials, good biocompatibility with biorecognition molecules, and lower background noise than other metals [ 72 , 73 ]. In particular, Au is most useful in fabricating effective biosensors due to its high electrical conductivity properties, which enable fast electron transfer between redox electrolytes and electrode surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Salmonella: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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The development of rapid, accurate, and efficient detection methods for Salmonella can significantly control the outbreak of salmonellosis that threatens global public health. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of the microbiological, nucleic-acid, and immunological-based methods, they are impractical for detecting samples outside of the laboratory due to the requirement for skilled individuals and sophisticated bench-top equipment. Ideally, an electrochemical biosensor could overcome the limitations of these detection methods since it offers simplicity for the detection process, on-site quantitative analysis, rapid detection time, high sensitivity, and portability. The present scoping review aims to assess the current trends in electrochemical aptasensors to detect and quantify Salmonella. This review was conducted according to the latest Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A literature search was performed using aptamer and Salmonella keywords in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Springer. Studies on electrochemical aptasensors for detecting Salmonella published between January 2014 and January 2022 were retrieved. Of the 787 studies recorded in the search, 29 studies were screened for eligibility, and 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved for this review. Information on the Salmonella serovars, targets, samples, sensor specification, platform technologies for fabrication, electrochemical detection methods, limit of detection (LoD), and detection time was discussed to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of the developed electrochemical aptasensor platform for the detection of Salmonella. The reported electrochemical aptasensors were mainly developed to detect Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in chicken meat samples. Most of the developed electrochemical aptasensors were fabricated using conventional electrodes (13 studies) rather than screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) (two studies). The developed aptasensors showed LoD ranges from 550 CFU/mL to as low as 1 CFU/mL within 5 min to 240 min of detection time. The promising detection performance of the electrochemical aptasensor highlights its potential as an excellent alternative to the existing detection methods. Nonetheless, more research is required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the electrochemical sensing platform for Salmonella detection, particularly in human clinical samples, to enable their future use in clinical practice.

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C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrodes-Based Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensors

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

C-MEMS Derived Glassy Carbon Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of C-MEMS derived bio-modified glassy carbon electrode

Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Salmonella: A Scoping Review

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