C-Myc Overexpression Increases Ribosome Biogenesis and Protein Synthesis Independent of mTORC1 Activation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Abstract

Background: High-intensity muscle contractions (HiMC) are known to increase c-Myc expression which is known to stimulate ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in tumor cells. However, whether the increase in c-Myc stimulates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in skeletal muscles remains unknown. Methods: We investigated the effect of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated c-Myc overexpression, with or without fasting or percutaneous electrical stimulation-induced HiMC, on ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in adult mouse skeletal muscles. Results: AAV-mediated overexpression of c-Myc in mouse skeletal muscles for 2 weeks increased the DNA polymerase subunit POL1 mRNA, 45S-pre-rRNA, total RNA, and muscle protein synthesis without altering mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling under both ad libitum and fasted conditions. RNA-seq analyses revealed that c-Myc overexpression mainly regulated ribosome biogenesis-related biological processes. The protein synthesis response to c-Myc overexpression mirrored the response with HiMC. No additional effect of combining c-Myc overexpression and HiMC was observed. Conclusion: c-Myc overexpression is sufficient to stimulate skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis without activation of mTORC1. Therefore, the HiMC-induced increase in c-Myc may contribute to ribosome biogenesis and increased protein synthesis following HiMC.

Olfactory learning inDrosophilarequires O-GlcNAcylation of mushroom body ribosomal subunits

“…Consequently, we reasoned that upregulation of ribosomal activity might ameliorate the cognitive defect caused by CpOGA WT -induced hypo-O-GlcNAcylation. To test this, we increased ribosome biogenesis by overexpression of dMyc [56][57][58] , and observed that dMyc expression in mushroom body could restore local protein synthesis and rescue the hypo-O-GlcNAcylation induced olfactory learning deficit (Figure 4C-4E).…”