C-Phycocyanin Confers Protection against Oxalate-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in MDCK Cells

Abstract

Oxalate toxicity is mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a process that is partly dependent on mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we investigated whether C-phycocyanin (CP) could protect against oxidative stress-mediated intracellular damage triggered by oxalate in MDCK cells. DCFDA, a fluorescence-based probe and hexanoyl-lysine adduct (HEL), an oxidative stress marker were used to investigate the effect of CP on oxalate-induced ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). The role of CP against oxalate-induced oxidative stress was studied by the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC1 fluorescein staining, quantification of ATP synthesis and stress-induced MAP kinases (JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2). Our results revealed that oxalate-induced cells show markedly increased ROS levels and HEL protein expression that were significantly decreased following pre-treatment with CP. Further, JC1 staining showed that CP pre-treatment conferred significant protection from mitochondrial membrane permeability and increased ATP production in CP-treated cells than oxalate-alone-treated cells. In addition, CP treated cells significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2 as compared to oxalate-alone-treated cells. We concluded that CP could be used as a potential free radical-scavenging therapeutic strategy against oxidative stress-associated diseases including urolithiasis.

Spirulina platensis Enhances the Beneficial Effect of Exercise on Oxidative Stress and the Lipid Profile in Rats

“…Several other studied have shown the importance of the choice of preventive strategies for health. The use of S. platensis cyanobacteria has been shown with significant attenuation capacity of free radicals, preventing and/or avoiding the installation of different pathologies (Bermejo-Bescós et al 2008;Bertolin et al 2009;Pabon et al 2012;Farooq et al 2014;Yogianti et al 2014). Results of these studies and present results matched on the profiles of oxidative stress and lipid levels in mice with the use of therapies moderate exercise and S. platensis.…”

“…As a result, lipid peroxidation is one of the major consequences of the free radical mediated injury to the brain (Hwang et al 2011;Zheng et al 2013). Different investigations have shown significant results in the use of Spirulina platensis against oxidative stress and dyslipidemias (BermejoBescós et al 2008;Hwang et al 2011;Farooq et al 2014). Based on this, studies were conducted to assess the oxidative stress and lipid profiles in the rats treated with S. platensis, moderate exercise, or both.…”

“…Consequently, the search for new preventive and therapeutic strategies has received special attention by the scientific community (Farooq et al 2014;Quirós et al 2015). Among several mechanisms involved in the process of aging, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia have been considered as new targets for therapeutic approaches (Wang and Michaelis 2010;Gamba et al 2015;Hare et al 2015) because both participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome (Ungvari et al 2010;Onat et al 2012).…”

“…Several nutritional components have been tested as antioxidant agents, such as vitamins, flavonoids and ubiquinone (Macedo et al 2014). Recent studies have described an antioxidant effect of S. platensis, a cyanobacterium that contains phycocyanin, which in turn acts by promoting inactivation of free radicals (Bermejo-Bescós et al 2008;Pabon et al 2012;Farooq et al 2014). S. platensis has been marketed in many countries and utilized as nutraceuticals, demonstrating good safety profiles.…”

“…S. platensis has been marketed in many countries and utilized as nutraceuticals, demonstrating good safety profiles. It has other potential benefits, including anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and antineoplastic activity (Zheng et al 2013;Farooq et al 2014). Moderate levels of aerobic exercise have also been demonstrated to reduce oxidative strandess (Venditti and Di 1997;Cakir et al 2010).…”