C-Phycocyanin prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antioxidant C-phycocyanin (C-PC, 5-30 mg kg(-1) i.p.) was able to prevent cisplatin (CP, 18 mg kg(-1) i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress in CD-1 mice. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring blood urea nitrogen, plasma glutathione peroxidase, plasma creatinine, the renal activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, apoptosis and histopathological changes. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the content of glutathione, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and oxidized proteins in renal tissue. C-PC prevented CP-induced renal damage and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, C-PC prevented the decrease in the renal activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase induced by cisplatin. In vitro assays showed that C-PC was an effective scavenger of the following reactive species: hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite anions, peroxyl radicals, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. It is concluded that the protective effect of the nutraceutical C-PC against CP-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress and the preservation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

C-phycocyanin prevents cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress

“…administration. The doses and treatment times of C-PC and CP were based on our previous work [2]. Seventy-two hours after CP or SS administration, mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (70 mg/kg, i.p.)…”

“…Additionally, a standard curve with different H 2 O 2 concentrations (20-140 nM) was employed. Amplex red is oxidized in the presence of H 2 O 2 to produce resorufin, a fluorescent compound measured using an excitation filter 530/25 and emission 590/35 nm [2].…”

“…Aconitase activity and GSH content were measured in sonicated mitochondria, as previously reported [2]. The activity of aconitase was assayed by determining the rate of formation of the intermediate product, cis-aconitate, from the interconversion of L-citrate and isocitrate at 240 nm [27].…”

“…C-PC has several nutraceutical properties such as renoprotective (against oxalate and cisplatin, CP) [7,8], anti-inflammatory [9], and hepatoprotective (against carbon tetrachloride) [10] and others [11]. Recently, we have shown that C-PC prevents CP-induced nephrotoxicity in mice that was associated with attenuation of oxidative damage and preservation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in kidney [2]. CP is a potent antineoplastic agent discovered in the laboratory of Barnett Rosenberg in 1965 [12].…”

“…C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a protein from the phycobiliprotein family [1] characterized by its antioxidant activity [2] and by an intense blue color (it has a characteristic absorption peak at 620 nm) and is one of the main pigments of the algae Spirulina, which is used as a dietary supplement due to its high content of protein.…”