C‐reactive protein, early life stress, and wellbeing in healthy adults

Carpenter, Linda L.; Gawuga, Cyrena E; Tyrka, Audrey R.; Price, Lawrence H.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01892.x

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In contrast to our study, Slopen’s (2010) study included subjects who had a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and medications which may alter basal cytokine levels. In support of the present findings, no association was found between plasma CRP levels and childhood adversity in healthy adults (Carpenter, Gawuga, Tyrka, & Price, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

Hartwell

Maria

Twal

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Objective Childhood trauma has been associated adult stress-related disorders. However, little is known about physiologic alterations in adults with a history of early life trauma that do not have current psychiatric or medical diagnoses. In this study, the relationships between childhood adversity and cytokine and C - reactive protein (CRP) levels in healthy adults were examined. Method Participants included men (n=18) and women (n=20) who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for Axis I psychiatric disorders or any major medical illness. Cytokine and CRP levels were obtained from baseline blood samples. Subjects completed the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report (ETI-SR). The primary outcomes included serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL1-β), and CRP levels. In addition, the mean numbers of traumatic experiences (sexual, physical, emotional, general, and the summed total) were measured. Results Significant positive associations were found between the total ETI score and IL-6 (p = 0.05), IL1-β (p < 0.05), and TNF-α (p = 0.01). Significant positive correlations were found between the number of general traumas and IL1-β (p < 0.05), TNF-α (p < 0.05), and IL-6 (p < 0.01). Neither the total number of traumas nor any of the trauma subscales were significantly associated with CRP levels. Conclusions The positive association between childhood trauma and basal cytokine levels supports the extant literature demonstrating the long-term impact of childhood trauma and stress on homeostatic systems. Importantly, this association was found in healthy adults, suggesting that these alterations may precede the development of significant stress-related psychiatric disorder or disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

Hartwell

Maria

Twal

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Our lifestyles are increasingly sedentary, with a lack of PA, particularly for those living in urban centres currently recognised as a major health problem worldwide . Epidemiological studies consistently suggest that adequate PA is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, while physical inactivity may be a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms . This may be true at both ends of the lifespan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle management of unipolar depression

Berk

Sarris

Coulson

et al. 2013

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Results: There is evidence that level of physical activity plays a role in the risk of depression, and there is a large and validated evidence base for exercise as a therapeutic modality. Smoking and alcohol and substance misuse appear to be independent risk factors for depression, while the new epidemiological evidence supports the contention that diet is a risk factor for depression; good quality diets appear protective and poor diets increase risk. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification, with a focus on exercise, diet, smoking and alcohol, may be of substantial value in reducing the burden of depression in individuals and the community. Clinical recommendations• Lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and substance abuse, contribute to depression risk, and these factors are interactive and mutually reinforcing.

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“…Furthermore, microglial cells and immune mediators such as cytokines are well‐recognized modulators in the development of central sensitization, hyperalgesia, and allodynia (Watkins et al, ; Latremoliere and Woolf, ). Investigating the relationship among early‐life adversity, alterations in immune mediators, and pain has revealed that, in a study of 92 individuals, levels of C‐reactive protein were directly associated with somatic pain complaints; however, this relationship was not impacted by self‐reported early‐life adversity (Carpenter et al, ). Further studies are required to determine whether other inflammatory markers may mediate the impact of early‐life adversity on pain, in healthy individuals and in those with chronic pain conditions.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Association Betweementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological stress in early life as a predisposing factor for the development of chronic pain: Clinical and preclinical evidence and neurobiological mechanisms

Burke

Finn

McGuire

et al. 2016

J of Neuroscience Research

210

131

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A wealth of research over the past 2 decades has expanded our understanding of the impact of early-life adversity on physiological function and, consequently, health and wellbeing in later life. Early-life adversity increases the risk of developing a number of disorders, such as chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Although much of the research has examined the impact of physical maltreatment, an increasing number of studies have been published over the past few years examining the effect of childhood psychological stress and trauma on the development of various types of chronic pain conditions. We review the clinical and preclinical data examining the link among early-life psychological stress, altered nociceptive behavior, and chronic pain in later life. Evidence supporting a role for certain key neurobiological substrates, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; monoaminergic, opioidergic, endocannabinoid and immune systems; and epigenetic mechanisms in the association between early-life psychological stress and chronic pain, is provided. Greater understanding of the impact of early-life stress may inform the development of personalized treatments for chronic pain in later life and strategies to prevent its onset in susceptible individuals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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C‐reactive protein, early life stress, and wellbeing in healthy adults

Cited by 47 publications

References 86 publications

Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

Association of elevated cytokines with childhood adversity in a sample of healthy adults

Lifestyle management of unipolar depression

Psychological stress in early life as a predisposing factor for the development of chronic pain: Clinical and preclinical evidence and neurobiological mechanisms

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