Objectives
To identify and characterize an association between persistent asthma and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
Approach and Results
MESA is a longitudinal prospective study of an ethnically diverse cohort of individuals free of known CVD at its inception. Presence and severity of asthma were assessed in the MESA at Exam 1. Persistent asthma was defined as asthmatics using controller medications (inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, oral corticosteroids) and intermittent asthma as asthmatics not using controller medications. Participants were followed for a mean (standard deviation) 9.1 (2.8) years for development of incident CVD (coronary death, myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and CVD death). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess associations of asthma and CVD.
The 6,792 participants were 62.2 (standard deviation 10.2) years old: 47% male (28% African-American, 22% Hispanic, 12% Chinese). Persistent asthmatics (N=156), compared to intermittent (N=511) and non-asthmatics (N=6125), respectively had higher C-reactive protein (1.2 [1.2] vs 0.9 [1.2] vs 0.6 [1.2] mg/L) and fibrinogen (379 [88] vs 356 [80] vs 345 [73] mg/dL) levels. Persistent asthmatics had the lowest unadjusted CVD-free survival rate of 84.1%, 95% confidence interval (78.9–90.3%) compared with intermittent asthmatics 91.1% (88.5–93.8%) and non-asthmatics 90.2% (89.4–91%). Persistent asthmatics had greater risk of CVD events than non-asthmatics (HR 1.6 [95% 1.01–2.5, p=0.040]), even after adjustment for age, sex, race, CVD risk factors, and anti-hypertensive and lipid medication use.
Conclusions
In this large multi-ethnic cohort, persistent asthmatics had a higher CVD event rate than non-asthmatics.