C<scp>ARBON</scp> D<scp>IOXIDE</scp> E<scp>MISSIONS FROM THE</scp> G<scp>LOBAL</scp> C<scp>EMENT</scp> I<scp>NDUSTRY</scp>

Worrell, Ernst; Price, Lynn; Martin, Nathan; Hendriks, Chris; Meida, Leticia Ozawa

doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.26.1.303

Cited by 1,206 publications

(522 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Ca(2) octahedron is less compressed than that of Ca (1), 59 which would result in a smaller C q . Considering that the average Ca-O distance in the site Ca (2) is larger than that for the Ca(1) site (2.391 Å compared to 2.338 Å ), the isotropic chemical shift of Ca (2) is expected 23,24 to be somewhat smaller than Ca (1). Combining this all together, the region D can be tentatively assigned to the Ca(2).…”

Section: Cement Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It was estimated, that the cement industry contributes to about 5% of the global CO 2 emissions, making it an important sector for CO 2 -emission mitigation strategies. 1 Understandably, even minor improvements in the technological process of cement production will lead to a significant saving in energy. The same can be argued about development of cements with improved properties and various additives that lower the amounts of cement in concrete and increase its quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural abundance high field 43Ca solid state NMR in cement science

Moudrakovski

Alizadeh

Beaudoin

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000353kPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 12, pp. 6961-6969, 2010-06-01 Natural abundance high field 43Ca NMR solid state NMR in cement science Moudrakovski, I.; Alizadeh, R.; Beaudoin, J. J. The material in this document is covered by the provisions of the Copyright Act, by Canadian laws, policies, regulations and international agreements. Such provisions serve to identify the information source and, in specific instances, to prohibit reproduction of materials without written permission. For more information visit http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/C-42Les renseignements dans ce document sont protégés par la Loi sur le droit d'auteur, par les lois, les politiques et les règlements du Canada et des accords internationaux. Ces dispositions permettent d'identifier la source de l'information et, dans certains cas, d'interdire la copie de documents sans permission écrite. Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements : http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/showtdm/cs/C-42 Natural abundance high field 43 Ca solid state NMR in cement sciencew This work is a systematic attempt to determine the possibilities and the limitations of the 43 Ca high field solid state NMR in the study of cement-based materials. The low natural abundance (0.135%) and small gyromagnetic ratio of 43 Ca present a serious challenge even in a high magnetic field. The NMR spectra of a number of cement compounds of known structure and composition are examined. The spectra of several phases important in cement science, e.g., anhydrous beta di-calcium silicate (b-C 2 S) and tri-calcium (C 3 S) silicate were obtained for the first time and the relation of spectroscopic and structural parameters is discussed. The method was also applied to the hydrated C 3 S and synthetic calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) of different composition in order to understand the state of calcium and transformations in the structure during hydrolysis. The spectra of hydrated C 3 S reveals a calcium environment similar to that of the C-S-H samples and 11 Å Tobermorite. These observations support the validity of using layered crystalline C-S-H systems as structural models for the C-S-H that forms in the hydration of Portland cement.

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Section: Cement Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural abundance high field 43Ca solid state NMR in cement science

Moudrakovski

Alizadeh

Beaudoin

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…In environmental aspect, the production of these materials has associated with high energy consumption and the release of attributed greenhouse gases (Worrell et al, 2001;Pandian et al, 2002;Klee, 2008). As the environmental regulations get tougher and more restricted, alternative materials that offer economically effective should be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Gypsum and Fly Ash as Additives in Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil

Rahman¹,

Lee²,

Rahim³

et al. 2015

J. of Applied Sciences

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A B S T R A C TThe demand for land in conjunction to infrastructure development is become crucial and expensive. In the near future, a problematic soil such as peat is becoming a final alternative. In crucial cases, peat land cannot be avoided and has been hosted for engineering structures (e.g., road, highway, railway and bridge). Peat soil is well established of its downgraded characteristics, highly compressibility and low in shear strength. This study aimed to investigate effect of fly ash and gypsum on the mechanical properties of peat soil. Fly Ash (FA) is a by-product material that is generated from the burning of coal in thermal power plants. In this study, gypsum was prepared chemically in the laboratory to simulate residue from Neutralization Underflow Process (NUF). For the first batch of samples, the peat samples were initially treated with Synthetic Gypsum (SG) in the ranges between 0 and 20% of sample dried weight (SG treated soil). In a second batch, the peat samples were prepared with 10% FA and then mixed thoroughly with different amounts of SG contents (0, 5, 10 and 20%) (10FA-SG treated soil). The results showed that soil treated with mixture of 10% FA and SG indicated lower liquid limit values than the SG treated soil. In compaction tests, the maximum dry density of both increased in both SG treated soil and FA-SG treated soil. The permeability of SG treated soil increased with the increases in SG contents. Similarly, occurred to permeability of FA-SG treated soil however, its values are lower than the soil treated without FA. Shear strength of SG treated showed decreased with increasing amount of SG content. In contrast, the FA-SG treated soil exhibited higher strength if compared to that of SG treated soil. The result suggested that the application of FA and SG mixture is more effective in stabilization in mechanical strength and densification of peat soil than the use of SG only.

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“…The production of one ton of Portland cement requires about 4 GJ of energy and about 1.7 tons of raw materials (limestone and shale) which leads to environmental destruction and pollution problem (Malhotra 2000;Sabir et al 2001;Worrell et al 2001). There is a clear need to find materials which can be used as cement replacement material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Fine Ground Dune Sand as a Supplementary Cementing Material

Alhozaimy

Alawad

Jaafar

et al. 2014

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

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Abstract. The process of Portland cement production is associated with high consumption of energy and resources. Therefore, there is a need to replace the Portland cement with environmental friendly materials. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using ground dune sand as cement replacement materials under different curing conditions. Portland cement was replaced by ground dune sand at five levels of replacement (0-40% by weight). The compressive strength of mortar under standard and autoclave curing conditions and the influence of different autoclave temperatures and durations were investigated. The microstructure of selected mixtures was analyzed by XRD and SEM. Results showed that the compressive strength under the standard curing decreased as the level of replacement increased. However, under autoclave curing compressive strength increased as the content of ground dune sand increased. XRD and SEM revealed the absence of calcium hydroxide and the formation of secondary calcium silicate hydrate. The improvement of compressive strength and the absence of calcium hydroxide under autoclave curing indicated that the pozzolanic reaction between silica of dune sand and calcium hydroxide occurred.Keywords: dune sand, autoclave curing, pozzolanic materials, compressive strength, XRD, SEM.

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CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM THE GLOBAL CEMENT INDUSTRY

Cited by 1,206 publications

References 2 publications

Natural abundance high field 43Ca solid state NMR in cement science

Natural abundance high field 43Ca solid state NMR in cement science

Application of Gypsum and Fly Ash as Additives in Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil

Use of Fine Ground Dune Sand as a Supplementary Cementing Material

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