C<sub>60</sub>, Buckminsterfullerene: its impact on biological ToF‐SIMS analysis

Fletcher, John S.; Lockyer, Nicholas P.; Vickerman, John C.

doi:10.1002/sia.2461

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These features are required to identify and locate complex biomolecules at the surface or in the bulk of complex systems such as bio-sensors and biological tissues [2,[7][8][9][10]. The increasing interest in the ToF-SIMS technique in characterizing biological systems coincides with the advent of polyatomic sources [11][12][13][14]. Cluster ions provide higher secondary ion yields for high mass fragments, and allow molecular depth profiling of most organic films with low chemical damage accumulation in depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Brison

Mine

Wehbe

et al. 2012

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Brison

Mine

Wehbe

et al. 2012

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…Throughout the study of these cluster ion sources, buckminsterfullerene (C 60 + ) has received significant attention since it became a commercially available product in 2003 . Using surface analysis techniques and C 60 + ion sputtering, biological/medical and organic electronic materials have been widely studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamic‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (D‐SIMS) ionized by co‐sputtering with C₆₀⁺ and Ar⁺

You

Chang

Lin

et al. 2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (D-SIMS) analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was conducted using a quadrupole mass analyzer with various combinations of continuous C(60)(+) and Ar(+) ion sputtering. Individually, the Ar(+) beam failed to generate fragments above m/z 200, and the C(60)(+) beam generated molecular fragments of m/z ~1000. By combining the two beams, the auxiliary Ar(+) beam, which is proposed to suppress carbon deposition due to C(60)(+) bombardment and/or remove graphitized polymer, the sputtering range of the C(60)(+) beam is extended. Another advantage of this technique is that the high sputtering rate and associated high molecular ion intensity of the C(60)(+) beam generate adequate high-mass fragments that mask the damage from the Ar(+) beam. As a result, fragments at m/z ~900 can be clearly observed. As a depth-profiling tool, the single C(60)(+) beam cannot reach a steady state for either PET or PMMA at high ion fluence, and the intensity of the molecular fragments produced by the beam decreases with increasing C(60)(+) fluence. As a result, the single C(60)(+) beam is suitable for profiling surface layers with limited thickness. With C(60)(+)-Ar(+) co-sputtering, although the initial drop in intensity is more significant than with single C(60)(+) ionization because of the damage introduced by the auxiliary Ar(+), the intensity levels indicate that a more steady-state process can be achieved. In addition, the secondary ion intensity at high fluence is higher with co-sputtering. As a result, the sputtered depth is enhanced with co-sputtering and the technique is suitable for profiling thick layers. Furthermore, co-sputtering yields a smoother surface than single C(60)(+) sputtering.

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“…The introduction of polyatomic primary ion beams such as C 60 + has facilitated the analysis of molecular species beyond the sample surface allowing complex chemical distributions to be studied in both two and three dimensions ( 14,17 ). Previously, we demonstrated the fi rst ToF-SIMS 3D chemical imaging of a biological cell using the X. laevis oocyte as a model system ( 18 ).…”

Section: Sampling the X Laevis Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal lipid profiling during early embryo development of Xenopus laevis using dynamic ToF-SIMS imaging

Tian

Fletcher

Thuret

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org GC-MS/LC-MS. Comprehensive work on the membrane composition of the X. laevis oocyte has been reported by Hill et al. ( 3 ). Lipid species in the mass range m/z 400-950 were detected. The plasma membrane is rich in glycerophosphocholine (GPCho), SM, and glycerophosphoinositol (GPIns), as well as cholesterol, comprising approximately 20% of the total lipid extraction. Huang, Liang, and Kam ( 4 ) examined the fatty acid composition of egg yolk in three anuran species. Koek et al. ( 5 ) analyzed approximately 10% of the cytoplasm in a single X. laevis oocyte using GC/MS. The detected compounds include organic acids, fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxy fatty acids ranging from C8 to C28), amino acids, alcohols, and sugars. These techniques, based on solvent extraction, do not provide any information on spatial localization beyond the fraction which was extracted; however, they offer qualitative and quantitative information about the composition of the cytoplasm with respect to key lipid compounds ( 6 ).A current challenge in lipid biology studies is determining the spatial location of multiple lipids while retaining compositional information. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy have been applied to image the frog egg and embryo to investigate the mechanisms of biological processes and embryo development. Monroy and Baccetti ( 7 ) fi rst revealed the outer surface of the plasma membrane in X. laevis eggs by means of scanning electron microscopy. The architecture of the membrane exhibits dramatic changes before and after The location and identifi cation of lipids is essential to understand their role in biological processes. Their distribution in a cell membrane, nucleus, or other organelles is responsible for their function in inter-and intra-cellular communication and signaling ( 1, 2 ). To date, lipid profi ling of Xenopus laevis embryos has been accomplished using a selective organic extraction methodology followed by

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C₆₀, Buckminsterfullerene: its impact on biological ToF‐SIMS analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Molecular dynamic‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (D‐SIMS) ionized by co‐sputtering with C₆₀⁺ and Ar⁺

Spatiotemporal lipid profiling during early embryo development of Xenopus laevis using dynamic ToF-SIMS imaging

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C60, Buckminsterfullerene: its impact on biological ToF‐SIMS analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Molecular depth profiling of model biological films using low energy monoatomic ions

Molecular dynamic‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (D‐SIMS) ionized by co‐sputtering with C60+ and Ar+

Spatiotemporal lipid profiling during early embryo development of Xenopus laevis using dynamic ToF-SIMS imaging

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C₆₀, Buckminsterfullerene: its impact on biological ToF‐SIMS analysis

Molecular dynamic‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (D‐SIMS) ionized by co‐sputtering with C₆₀⁺ and Ar⁺