C‐type lectin receptors of the Dectin‐1 cluster: Physiological roles and involvement in disease

Abstract

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are essential for multicellular existence, having diverse functions ranging from embryonic development to immune function. One subgroup of CLRs is the Dectin-1 cluster, comprising of seven receptors including MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC-12B, CLEC-9A, MelLec, Dectin-1, and LOX-1. Reflecting the larger CLR family, the Dectin-1 cluster of receptors has a broad range of ligands and functions, but importantly, is involved in numerous pathophysiological processes that regulate health and disease. Indeed, these receptors have been implicated in development, infection, regulation of inflammation, allergy, transplantation tolerance, cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the latest advancements in elucidating the function(s) of each of the Dectin-1 cluster CLRs, focussing on their physiological roles and involvement in disease. encoded in the same locus in both the mouse and human genome [2] (Fig. 1). The receptors in this cluster are of particular interest, as they were the first signalling CLRs to be identified on myeloid cells, and none appear to require calcium to recognise their ligands. These receptors, which include MICL, CLEC-2, CLEC-12B, CLEC-9A, MelLec, Dectin-1 and LOX-1 (ordered based on genomic location), are involved in a broad range of physiological activities, from embryonic development to immunity. Importantly, the knowledge we are gaining from these receptors is opening exciting new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This mini-review, an update on our previous review of the Dectin-1 cluster [2], is aimed to provide an overview of each of these receptors, focusing on research published since 2016, highlighting the recent advancements made uncovering their functions.

Effects of Apigenin on the Expression of LOX‐1, Bcl‐2, and Bax in Hyperlipidemia Rats

“…Various receptors responsible for ox‐LDL have been identified, in which LOX‐1 is one of the primary receptors for the ox‐LDL present on the surface of endothelial cells [37–39] . LOX‐1 is a 52 K Da type II transmembrane protein, which is structurally related to the C‐type lectin family [40] . LOX‐1 has a small cytoplasmic region at the N ‐terminal and an extracellular C ‐terminal at the long hydrophilic domain.…”

Comprehensive Analysis and Identification of an Immune-Related Gene Signature with Prognostic Value for Prostate Cancer

“…CLEC7A, also known as dectin-1, is one of the best characterized C-type lectin receptors involved in various pathophysiological processes, including infection, allergy, regulation of inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. 37 Dectin-1 exerts dual functions in cancer, acting both as a tumor promoter and as a tumor suppressor. For example, dectin-1 activation on macrophages by ligating the lectin galectin-9 facilitates pancreatic carcinoma progression and peritumoral immune tolerance.…”

Molecular Recognition in C‐Type Lectins: The Cases of DC‐SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L‐Sectin

“…such as myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like (MICL), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), macrophage antigen H (CLEC-12B or MAH), and the proper dectin-1, whose implication in different diseases (leukemia, keratitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis…) has been recently reviewed. [18] Group II is very varied and includes many transmembrane DC-and MΦ-related CLRs that have been demonstrated to be also relevant in development and progression of different diseases. Some of them, like macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) or dectin-2, have been recently reviewed [19,20,21] and are progressively gaining relevance in the therapeutic field due to their implication in immune suppression against Leishmania major and Fonsecaea spp., and autoimmune pathologies as atherosclerosis or arthritis.…”

“…Selectins (group IV) are fundamental in leukocyte trafficking and the acquisition of immunological memory, [15] but have been also described to facilitate lymphatic metastasis [16,17] . The dectin‐1 cluster (group V) includes receptors such as myeloid inhibitory C‐type lectin‐like (MICL), lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1), macrophage antigen H (CLEC‐12B or MAH), and the proper dectin‐1, whose implication in different diseases (leukemia, keratitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis…) has been recently reviewed [18] …”