CA549 and TPS Patterns in the Diagnosis and Staging of Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Abstract

This study compares the clinical value of the breast cancer tumour makers CA549 and TPS, and their tandem use when one or both markers indicate abnormality. For 144 patients presenting with active disease, 33 were classified as Stage I, 37 as Stage II, 40 as Stage III and 34 as Stage IV. For these patients the sensitivity of CA549 using a cut-off of 10 U/ml was 27%, 32%, 42% and 79%, respectively. The sensitivity of TPS for each stage using a cut-off of 100 U/l was 12%, 22%, 28% and 73%, respectively. At these cut-off levels, 36%, 46%, 63% and 91% of patients, respectively, have either CA549 or TPS or both markers raised. For 161 patients with diagnosed benign breast disease, the specificity of marker levels was 96% for CA549, 88% for TPS and 84% for tandem use. CA549 is shown to be superior to TPS and this was confirmed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis using variable threshold levels, with the areas under the curves for all stages combined being 0.74 +/- 0.03 (ISD) and 0.66 +/- 0.03, respectively. The corresponding area under the curve for tandem use (0.75 +/- 0.03) is marginally greater than for either individual marker, although the difference with respect to CA549 is statistically insignificant.

Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules

“…579 CA549, a high molecular weight glycoprotein, is overexpressed (>10 kU L −1 ) in breast tumors. 580 A voltammetric immunosensor for CA125 was fabricated using an anti-CA125 antibody immobilized onto the surface of cystamine-modified gold microelectrodes array chip, as shown in Figure 31. 581 Using DPV, the level of CA125 was quantified down to 0.1 kU L −1 .…”

“…The method enabled the analysis of PKA with a LOD of 3 kU L −1 . 558 breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, colon, ovaries 2.5 μg L −1 in nonsmokers, 5 μg L −1 in smokers α-fetoprotein (AFP) 567 liver, teroblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma 10 μg L −1 cancer antigen 50 (CA50) 573 pancreas, gastrointestinal 17 kU L −1 cancer antigen 125 (CA125) 574 ovaries 35 kU L −1 cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) 575 breast cancer with distant metastases 25 kU L −1 cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) 576 pancreas, bile duct, stomach, colorectal, liver 37 kU L −1 cancer antigen 27.29 (CA27.29) 577 breast 38 kU L −1 cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) 578 breast, stomach, ovaries 7 kU L −1 cancer antigen 242 (CA242) 579 adenocarcinoma 20 kU L −1 cancer antigen 549 (CA549) 580 breast 10 kU L −1 squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) 586 cervix, lung, head and neck, melanomas, hepatocellular carcinoma 1.5 μg L −1 neuron-specific enolase (NSE) 588 small cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroblastoma 12.3 μg L −1 human epididymis-specific protein 4 (HE4) 590 lung, ovaries 0.6 μg L −1 ferritin 592 breast, pancreas, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma 7−158 μg L −1 for men and 4− 56 μg L −1 for women calcitonin (Ct) 597 medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) 8.5 μg L −1 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 599 germ cell tumors, choriocarcinoma, testicles 2.2 IU L −1 urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) 601 breast, prostate, ovaries, squamous cell carcinoma 198−511 μg L −1 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 603 esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, biliary tract, hepatocellular carcinoma 3.2 U L −1 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 605 leukemia, lymphomas of B cell origin, osteoblastic bone tumors 20−140 IU L −1 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 613 lymphoma, melanoma, acute leukemia, germ cell tumors 104−236 U L −1 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 616 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia 256 ng L −1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 620 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), breast, ovaries 15 ng L −1 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or HER1) 624 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck, stomach,…”

“…CA72-4 is a glycoprotein, which increases (>7 kU L –1 ) in breast, gastric, and ovarian adenocarcinoma CA242 is a tumor marker for sialylated Lewis carbohydrates, and its elevated level (>20 kU L –1 ) is associated with adenocarcinomas . CA549, a high molecular weight glycoprotein, is overexpressed (>10 kU L –1 ) in breast tumors …”