Cache Valley Virus in<i>Aedes japonicus japonicus</i>Mosquitoes, Appalachian Region, United States

Yang, Fan; Chan, Kevin; Marek, Paul E.; Armstrong, Philip M.; Liu, Peng-Cheng; Bova, Jacob Edward; Bernick, Joshua N.; McMillan, Benjamin E.; Weidlich, Benjamin G.; Paulson, Sally L.

doi:10.3201/eid2403.161275

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…albopictus and Ae. japonicus [17][18][19][20]. The principal vector is unknown, but vector competence studies and field isolations have shown that Anopheles quadrimaculatus and An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector competence of Virginia mosquitoes for Zika and Cache Valley viruses

et al. 2020

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Background: Vector-borne diseases are a major public health concern and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Zika virus (ZIKV) is the etiologic agent of a massive outbreak in the Americas that originated in Brazil in 2015 and shows a strong association with congenital ZIKV syndrome in newborns. Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a bunyavirus that causes mild to severe illness in humans and ruminants. In this study, we investigated the vector competence of Virginia mosquitoes for ZIKV and CVV to explore their abilities to contribute to potential outbreaks. Methods:To determine vector competence, mosquitoes were fed a blood meal comprised of defibrinated sheep blood and virus. The presence of midgut or salivary gland barriers to ZIKV infection were determined by intrathoracic inoculation vs oral infection. After 14-days post-exposure, individual mosquitoes were separated into bodies, legs and wings, and saliva expectorant. Virus presence was detected by plaque assay to determine midgut infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Results:Transmission rates for Ae. albopictus orally infected (24%) and intrathoracically inoculated (63%) with ZIKV was similar to Ae. aegypti (48% and 71%, respectively). Transmission rates of ZIKV in Ae. japonicus were low, and showed evidence of a midgut infection barrier demonstrated by low midgut infection and dissemination rates from oral infection (3%), but increased transmission rates after intrathoracic inoculation (19%). Aedes triseriatus was unable to transmit ZIKV following oral infection or intrathoracic inoculation. CVV transmission was dose-dependent where mosquitoes fed high titer (ht) virus blood meals developed higher rates of midgut infection, dissemination, and transmission compared to low titer (lt) virus blood meals. CVV was detected in the saliva of Ae. albopictus (ht: 68%, lt: 24%), Ae. triseriatus (ht: 52%, lt: 7%), Ae. japonicus (ht: 22%, lt: 0%) and Ae. aegypti (ht: 10%; lt: 7%). Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans were not competent for ZIKV or CVV. Conclusions:This laboratory transmission study provided further understanding of potential ZIKV and CVV transmission cycles with Aedes mosquitoes from Virginia. The ability for these mosquitoes to transmit ZIKV and CVV make them a public health concern and suggest targeted control programs by mosquito and vector abatement districts.

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“…albopictus and Ae. japonicus [17][18][19][20]. The principal vector is unknown, but vector competence studies and field isolations have shown that Anopheles quadrimaculatus and An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector competence of Virginia mosquitoes for Zika and Cache Valley viruses

et al. 2020

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“…One study demonstrated an interaction between detectable CVV infection in mice following a challenge and exposure to mosquitoes (Edwards et al, ). Eight studies investigated determinants of vector competence such as dose, extrinsic incubation period, infection rate, dissemination rate and transmission rate under experimental conditions (Aitken & Spence, ; Ayers et al, ; Blackmore et al, ; Miller, ; Reeves & Miller, ; Saliba et al, ; Yang, Chan, et al, ; Yuill & Thompson, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bunyamwera serogroup was created in 1960 by grouping together related viruses demonstrating some level of cross‐reactivity (Casals & Whitman, ). Currently, recognized CVV subtypes include Tlacotalpan and Playas, identified in Mexico and Ecuador, respectively (Armstrong, Andreadis, & Anderson, ; Blitvich, Lorono‐Pino, Garcia‐Rejon, Farfan‐Ale, & Dorman, ; Yang, Chan, et al, ). Similar viruses, such as Maguari and Xingu, have been categorized as genomically distinct from CVV (Armstrong et al, ; Blitvich, Lorono‐Pino, et al, ; Dunn, Pritlove, & Elliott, ; Groseth et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the reports of mammalian pathology attributable to CVV infection in mammals describe infection in pregnant sheep and goats (McConnell, Livingston, Calisher, & Crandell, ; Rodrigues, ; Shapiro et al, ). While CVV has been detected in multiple mosquito species, little research has investigated the epizootic cycle of CVV, or the relative importance of the major vectors responsible for transmission (Andreadis, Armstrong, Anderson, & Main, ; Ayers et al, ; Yang, Chan, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cache Valley virus: A scoping review of the global evidence

Waddell

Pachal

Mascarenhas

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito‐borne RNA virus detected throughout North America, Central America and parts of South America. A limited number of human case reports have described severe illness. CVV infection has been associated with outbreaks of congenital defects in small ruminants in Canada and the United States. A scoping review was conducted to identify, characterize and summarize research on CVV, and to identify research gaps. A structured search was conducted in eight electronic databases, with additional search verification and grey literature investigation. All captured studies were independently appraised by two reviewers for relevance and data characterization. The review captured 143 relevant studies investigating CVV epidemiology (n = 104), pathogenesis (n = 37), viral characteristics (n = 24), transmission (n = 14), diagnostic test performance (n = 8) and mitigation strategies (n = 2). Evidence of CVV infection was found in mosquito studies (n = 47), and serological evidence of exposure was demonstrated in animals (n = 41), as well as human (n = 20) studies. In sheep, five outbreaks of birth defects following asymptomatic dam CVV infection during the first 50 days of pregnancy were reported. Only six human cases of CVV‐associated illness were captured, with case symptoms described as initially non‐specific, progressing to more severe clinical signs (e.g., meningitis). No research was identified investigating treatment, societal knowledge and risk perception, economic burden or predictive models related to the impact of climate change on CVV. CVV circulates in mosquito and animal species across a large area of the Americas. Small ruminants are the only animals in which CVV‐associated clinical disease has been extensively studied. It is likely that human cases are under‐reported or misdiagnosed. Future research should focus on the impact of CVV infection in human and animal populations.

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“…cinereus, Culex pipiens, and some other species activity cycles have been studied in Sweden because of the transmission of Ockelbo disease (caused by Sindbis virus) and tularaemia in Sweden [6]. Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of these and many other diseases [2,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Metaphase Chromosome Karyotypes in Imaginal Discs of Aedes communis, Ae. punctor, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes

Alekseeva

Andreeva

Wasserlauf

et al. 2020

Insects

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In this study, cytogenetic analysis of the metaphase chromosomes from imaginal discs of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes—Aedes communis, Ae. punctor, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus—was performed. The patterns of C-banding and DAPI staining of the heteroсhromatin and the length of the chromosomes demonstrate species specificity. In particular, the Ae. punctor chromosomes are the shortest compared with Ae. communis, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus, and they also carry additional C and DAPI bands in intercalary regions. The Ae. intrudens chromosomes are the longest, they have pericentromeric C bands, and they almost lack any DAPI bands near the centromere of chromosome 3 versus Ae. communis, which has the largest pericentromeric DAPI blocks in all three chromosome pairs. Ae. rossicus also possesses DAPI bands in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes, but their staining is weaker compared with those of Ae. communis. Therefore, the analysis of karyotypes is a tool for species-level identification of these mosquitoes.

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Cache Valley Virus inAedes japonicus japonicusMosquitoes, Appalachian Region, United States

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Vector competence of Virginia mosquitoes for Zika and Cache Valley viruses

Vector competence of Virginia mosquitoes for Zika and Cache Valley viruses

Cache Valley virus: A scoping review of the global evidence

Analysis of the Metaphase Chromosome Karyotypes in Imaginal Discs of Aedes communis, Ae. punctor, Ae. intrudens, and Ae. rossicus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes

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