Cadherins and their connections: adhesion junctions have broader functions

Steinberg, Malcolm S.; McNutt, Patrick

doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(99)00027-7

Cited by 265 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…We postulate that the mechanism involves interaction of both AJ and TJ proteins and PC with the actin cytoskeleton. The AJ consists of integral membrane proteins (cadherins) and cytoplasmic proteins (␣-, ␤-, and ␥-catenins) that link cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton (Yap et al, 1997;Steinberg and McNutt, 1999). The TJ is also composed of both integral (occludin, claudin) and peripheral (ZO-1, -2, and -3, cingulin) membrane proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton (Mitic and Anderson, 1998;Stevenson and Keon, 1998;Fanning et al, 1999;Tsukita and Furuse, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Podocalyxin Inhibits Cell–Cell Adhesion and Modifies Junctional Properties in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells

Takeda¹,

Go²,

Orlando

et al. 2000

MBoC

184

181

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Podocalyxin is a major membrane protein of the glomerular epithelium and is thought to be involved in maintenance of the architecture of the foot processes and filtration slits characteristic of this unique epithelium by virtue of its high negative charge. However, until now there has been no direct evidence for podocalyxin's function. Podocalyxin is a type 1 transmembrane sialoprotein with an N-terminal mucin-like domain. To assess its function, we cloned rat podocalyxin and examined the effects of its expression on the cell adhesion properties of stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and inducible ecdysone receptor-expressing (EcR)-CHO cells. In a cell aggregation assay, CHO-K1 cells expressing high levels of podocalyxin showed complete inhibition of cell aggregation, and MDCK transfectants showed greatly reduced aggregation (ϳ60 -80%) compared with parental cells. In EcR-CHO cells, the expression level of podocalyxin induced by increasing levels of ecdysone analogue correlated closely with the antiadhesion effect. The inhibitory effect of podocalyxin was reversed by treatment of the cells with Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase, indicating that sialic acid is required for inhibition of cell adhesion. Overexpression of podocalyxin also affected transepithelial resistance and the distribution of junctional proteins in MDCK cells by an unknown mechanism that may involve interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. These results provide direct evidence that podocalyxin functions as an antiadhesin that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the glomerular epithelium by charge repulsion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Podocalyxin Inhibits Cell–Cell Adhesion and Modifies Junctional Properties in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells

Takeda¹,

Go²,

Orlando

et al. 2000

MBoC

184

181

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“…Conceptually, in the presence of calcium, cadherin monomers become rigid and competent to undergo cis-dimerization. Trans-dimerization follows when cadherin dimers on adjacent cells engage in homophilic interactions (129,200,251). In general, the cadherin cytoplasmic tail binds ␤-or ␥-catenin, which in turn links to ␣-catenin.…”

Section: Ve-cadherin (Cadherin-5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Structural Features That Influence Neutrophil Emigration Into the Lung

Burns

Smith²,

Walker³

2003

Physiological Reviews

269

273

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Neutrophil emigration in the lung differs substantially from that in systemic vascular beds where extravasation occurs primarily through postcapillary venules. Migration into the alveolus occurs directly from alveolar capillaries and appears to progress through a sequence of steps uniquely influenced by the cellular anatomy and organization of the alveolar wall. The cascade of adhesive and stimulatory events so critical to the extravasation of neutrophils from postcapillary venules in many tissues is not evident in this setting. Compelling evidence exists for unique cascades of biophysical, adhesive, stimulatory, and guidance factors that arrest neutrophils in the alveolar capillary bed and direct their movement through the endothelium, interstitial space, and alveolar epithelium. A prominent path accessible to the neutrophil appears to be determined by the structural interactions of endothelial cells, interstitial fibroblasts, as well as type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.

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“…Such programs of tissue formation are based on processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, together with the homophilic and heterophilic sorting of cells according to their relative adhesive affinities. Key molecules in the establishment and maintenance of such topogenic cell-cell associations include the diverse cell-type-specific members of the transmembrane glycoprotein superfamily of Ca 2+ -dependent cell adhesion molecules, the cadherins (e.g., Takeichi 1988;Steinberg and McNutt 1999;Tepass et al 2000;Duguay et al 2003). This raises the question as to whether similar cell adhesion molecules and mechanisms are also involved in processes of cell differentiation and tissue regeneration starting from so-called "adult stem cells" (Verfaillie 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processus and recessus adhaerentes: giant adherens cell junction systems connect and attract human mesenchymal stem cells

et al. 2007

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Substrate-adherent cultured cells derived from human bone marrow or umbilical cord blood ("mesenchymal stem cells") are of special interest for regenerative medicine. We report that such cells, which can display considerable heterogeneity with respect to their cytoskeletal protein complement, are often interconnected by special tentacle-like cell processes contacting one or several other cells. These processus adhaerentes, studded with many (usually small) puncta adhaerentia and varying greatly in length (up to more than 400 μm long), either contact each other in the intercellular space ("ET touches") or insert in a tight-fitting manner into deep plasma membrane invaginations (recessus adhaerentes), thus forming a novel kind of long (up to 50 μm) continuous cuff-like junction (manubria adhaerentia). The cell processes contain an actin microfilament core that is stabilized with ezrin, α-actinin, and myosin and accompanied by microtubules, and their adhering junctions are characterized by a molecular complement comprising the transmembrane glycoproteins N-cadherin and cadherin-11, in combination with the cytoplasmic plaque proteins α-and β-catenin, together with p120 ctn , plakoglobin, and afadin. The processes are also highly dynamic and rapidly foreshorten as cell colonies approach a denser state of cell packing. These structures are obviously able to establish cell-cell connections, even over long distances, and can form deep-rooted and tight cell-cell adhesions. The possible relationship to similar cell processes in the embryonic primary mesenchyme and their potential in cell sorting and tissue formation processes in the body are discussed.

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Cadherins and their connections: adhesion junctions have broader functions

Cited by 265 publications

References 67 publications

Expression of Podocalyxin Inhibits Cell–Cell Adhesion and Modifies Junctional Properties in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells

Expression of Podocalyxin Inhibits Cell–Cell Adhesion and Modifies Junctional Properties in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells

Unique Structural Features That Influence Neutrophil Emigration Into the Lung

Processus and recessus adhaerentes: giant adherens cell junction systems connect and attract human mesenchymal stem cells

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