Cadmium-109 and Methyl Mercury-203 Metabolism, Tissue Distribution, and Secretion into Milk of Cows

Accumulation of trace elements in cattle from rural and industrial areas in Belgium

“…Kotsonis and Klaassen, 1978). Muscles, on the other hand, contain a relatively small part of the total body Cd (Neathery et al, 1974). Lead is distributed to both soft tissues (blood, kidney, liver, …) and mineralising systems (bones, teeth).…”

Toxicokinetics of Cadmium in Lactating and Nonlactating Ewes after Oral and Intravenous Administration

“…The bioavailabilities estimated with the toxicokinetic approach were similar to those obtained with other approaches. The total cadmium body retention was estimated to be 0.3-0.4% in goats (Miller et al, 1969), 0.09% in steers (Johnson et al, 1981), and 0.035-0.75% in dairy cows (Neathery et al, 1974;Van Bruwaene et al, 1982). To assess the bioavailability of cadmium, the toxicokinetic approach is easier to use than approaches based on measuring cadmium in the whole body which requires either animal slaughtering or the use of radioactive cadmium.…”

Gastrointestinal fractional absorption of radionuclides in adult domestic ruminants

“…Morgan (1991) recommended a higher fractional absorption value of 2 Â 10 À2 (range 2.5 Â 10 À4 -0.24) for adult ruminants but this included values from experiments with stable Cd intakes in excess of the maximum tolerable level (NRC, 2005) and which induced detrimental effects. Morgan also considered the data of Miller et al (1969), Neathery et al (1974) and Van Bruwaene et al (1983), estimating absorption values from tissue retention measured between 14 and 97 days after single administrations of Cd. However, these values were based upon tissues measured !14 days after a single oral administration and will not have taken into account any absorbed Cd excreted between administration and slaughter.…”