Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and its Impact on Cholinesterase and Metabolic Pathway Enzyme Activity

Schwientek, Patrick; Grelle, C.; Descamps, M.

doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(96)00203-4

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Labrot et al (1996) found strong in vivo and in vitro reduction of ChE activity in E. fetida following exposure to lead and uranium in a filter-paper test. In contrast, Scaps et al (1997) measured no change in the ChE activity of E. fetida when exposed to lead and cadmium using an artificial soil exposure system. Niklas (1979) found no observable effects from copper oxychloride on the in vitro ChE activity of Lumbricus terrestris.…”

Section: Terrestrismentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Organochlorine and benzimidazole compounds were generally reported not to cause reduced ChE activity, although some studies with L terrestris have reported an inhibition due to the metabolic products of benzimidazole Niklas 1979;Scaps et al 1997;Stringer and Wright 1976).…”

Section: Terrestrismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fetida Scaps et al (1997) -tv "-D 1992). They are probably present in all organisms, are major constituents of animal cells, and form a family of biotransformation enzymes that play an important role in binding or conjugating lipophilic molecules with an electrophilic atom.…”

Section: Fetidamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers in Earthworms

Scott-Fordsmand¹,

Weeks²

2000

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Section: Terrestrismentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Terrestrismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomarkers in Earthworms

Scott-Fordsmand¹,

Weeks²

2000

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…superoxide dismutase, catalase), transferases (glutathione S-transferases), hydrolases (e.g. acetylcholine esterase) in earthworms are regarded as fast and prognostic indices of individual reaction to the environmental stress [12][13][14][15]. Although cellulase has been one of the most commonly studied digestive enzymes, as it is particularly important in the degradation of organic matter [16,17], there are limited ecotoxicological data on cellulase activity available [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of lindane and deltamethrin on mortality, growth, and cellulase activity in earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Shi

Shi²,

Wang

et al. 2007

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Laboratory tests were conducted to compare the effects of various concentrations of lindane and deltamethrin on mature earthworms (Eisenia fetida) cultured in artificial soil during typical acute (14d) and subchronic (42d) exposure periods. The effects of the two pesticides on earthworm mortality, growth inhibition, and cellulase activity were determined for different exposure durations. The toxicity order for earthworm mortality from the 14-day exposure was lindane > deltamethrin, with median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) of 162.1 and 432.9 mg kg À1 , respectively. Earthworms exposed to deltamethrin showed dose-dependent toxic effects on growth and cellulase activity only from the acute exposures, whereas lindane's effects on these activities were seen correlated with both the acute and subchronic doses. Also, changes in biomass and cellulase activity during the subchronic exposure period appear to be a more sensitive parameter than the LC 50 value in assessing pesticidal injury.

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“…From the results of present studies it has been concluded that, the effects produced by endosulfan were found to be long lasting and no significant repair and restoration of enzyme activity was observed even after 90 days period of exposure at all the three selected sublethal doses of endosulfan which clearly shows that organochlorine pesticides have enormous potential to produce toxic effects in earthworms. Niklas [13] reported inhibition of AchE in earthworm L. terresris due to endosulfan toxicity and later on Scaps et al [14], reported the inhibition of AchE activity in L. terresris due to organochlorine pesticide gamma -HCH, but decrease in AchE activity in earthworm due to organochlorine pesticides and its mechanics of inhibition is worth further study. In the present studies it has been found that both the pesticides i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Effects of Endosulfan on Acetylcholinesterase and Cellulase Enzyme Activity of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida

Farrukh¹

2017

MOJT

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Pesticides produces considerable effects on biochemical parameters of organisms and since enzymes allow specific reactions to proceed and collectively constitute the metabolism, studies on metabolic enzymes and proteins of earthworms may be useful biomarkers for ecotoxicological aspects. Endosulfan, belonging to the organochlorine group of pesticides on growth, reproduction and avoidance behavior of earthworm E. foetida and found that the pesticide significantly affected the parameters. Due to its used against a broad spectrum of insects and mites in agriculture and allied sectors, it is one of the most extensively used pesticides in the agricultural fields of MP, Central India. The present study has been undertaken to reveal its chronic effects on two important enzymes, i.e. Acetylcholinesterase and Cellulase of earthworm E. foetida. Both the enzymes have their own significance in earthworm physiology. The inhibition of AchE activity was found to be concentration dependent. During the exposure period of 28 days the percent of AchE activity was found as 43%, 51% and 68% at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg endosulfan whereas, during the exposure period of 30 to 90 days same doses caused inhibition of AchE activity up to 25%, 39% and 63% after first 30 days of exposure and no significant changes or recovery of enzyme activity was observed after 90 days of exposure. Therefore, from the present findings it can be concluded that long term exposure to organochlorine pesticides could lead to severe and irreparable effects on biochemical mechanisms of earthworms. Citation Extraction of EnzymesFollowing the method of Mishra et al. [9] with slight modifications earthworms taken for enzyme estimation were kept in moist filter paper for 24hrs to void their gut contents and then homogenized (10%w/v) in 0.1M,pH 7.5 phosphate buffer. For Cellulase estimation the homogenates were centrifuged at 2,500rpm for 10 min, the supernatant fluid was removed into another centrifuge tube and were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant fluid was collected and used to test enzyme activity. For Acetyl Cholinesterase activity, the homogenates cooled up to 4°C were centrifuged at 10,000rpm for 10 min and the resultant supernatant was recentrifuged at 10,000rpm for 10 min (name of the centrifuge model) and supernatant was stored in ice for AchE activity [10]. Determination of cellulase activityCellulase activity was determined by following the method of Mishra et al. [9] with little modifications. Incubate 1 ml of cellulose solution, 1ml of Cellulase extract and 1 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 6.4) in a test tube for 24hrs. The enzyme activity was measured using the DNS method when 1ml of working DNS reagent was added to each test tube covered with a marble and kept in boiling water bath for 5 min, cool it and absorbance was measured against a suitable blank. The activity of cellulase was measured in terms of mgs of glucose/ hr/per mg body proteins by plotting the linear regression curve with glucose standards. Determination of acet...

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Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and its Impact on Cholinesterase and Metabolic Pathway Enzyme Activity

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Biomarkers in Earthworms

Biomarkers in Earthworms

Comparative effects of lindane and deltamethrin on mortality, growth, and cellulase activity in earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Chronic Effects of Endosulfan on Acetylcholinesterase and Cellulase Enzyme Activity of Earthworm Eisenia Foetida

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