Cadmium and Uranium in German and Brazilian Phosphorous Fertilizers

Smidt, Geerd; Landes, F.; Carvalho, Leandro Machado de; Koschinsky, Andrea; Schnug, Ewald

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22122-4_20

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this context, fertilizers made from rock phosphates as raw materials were used, which contain trace elements such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, F, and U in the range 1–100 mg kg −1 . In addition to contamination in the vicinity of chemical industries, there is the possibility of migration of these elements to the food chain, owing to transport and mobilization in soils, leaching into groundwater resources and uptake by plants 44. Beyond the study of contaminations in fertilizers, vegetables, and industrialized foodstuffs, samples of plant‐based formulations employed for medicinal purposes in Brazil were analyzed for the presence of the studied 13 elements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of these elements as possible contaminants of plant‐based products has not been reported to date. However, these toxic elements are considered natural contaminants of phosphate rocks, fertilizers, soils, and potassium‐based products 41, 44, 45, which may explain their presence in four samples at relatively high concentration levels, in some cases >20 mg kg −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes

et al. 2015

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This paper presents the determination of 13 elements in a simultaneous and sequential analysis using solochrome violet (SVRS), chloranilic acid (CA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), dimethylglyoxime (DMG), and oxine as complexing electrolytes. The Methods were applied to determine Al3+, Fe3+, Mo6+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Tl+, U6+, V5+, and Cr6+ in fertilizers, plant materials, and foodstuffs. The Method was found to be selective and accurate (82.13–119.03 %) for elemental analysis in complex matrices that were previously submitted to a total oxidative digestion step (calcination and wet digestion). Mutual interferences of the elements were systematically investigated. The Sequential Method could be useful for the routine quality control of foodstuffs and fertilizer formulations regarding mineral nutrients or contaminants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes

et al. 2015

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“…In fact, input of agrochemicals in Brazil and Argentina is among the highest in the world [98]. Apart from that, scarce resources like mineral P based on phosphate rock, increasingly contaminated with heavy metals, next to the energy-intensive produced nitrogen fertilisers are applied, threatening natural resources like soil and water and contributing to global warming [99][100][101]. Nutrient cycles therefore remain widely open [54,102].…”

Section: Regulatory Cooperation and Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Free Trade, Environment, Agriculture, and Plurilateral Treaties: The Ambivalent Example of Mercosur, CETA, and the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement

Heyl

Ekardt

Roos³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Transnational trade holds opportunities for prosperity and development if accompanied by a robust political and legal framework. Yet, where such a framework is missing, transnational trade is frequently associated with, among others, negative impacts on the environment. Applying a legal comparison, this article assesses if recent free trade agreements, i.e., the Mercosur Agreement, CETA and the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, negotiated by the European Union, have been underpinned with effective environmental standards so that they are in line with global environmental goals and avoid detrimental effects on climate and biodiversity. Besides that, we evaluate the extent to which these agreements at least enable and incentivise environmental pioneering policies in the trading Parties. In particular, we discuss the likely impacts of the agreements on the agricultural sector. The analysis finds that, while a few mandatory standards concerning, e.g., deforestation have been established, overall, the agreements lack a comprehensive legal framework to uphold/enhance environmental protection. Moreover, weak dispute settlement mechanisms to ensure compliance with sustainability measures limits their effectiveness. In addition, the provisions on regulatory cooperation and investor-state dispute settlement are likely to negatively affect the decision-making processes and (thus) discourage ecological pioneering policies in the trading Parties. Hence, there is a long way to go so that transnational trade is compatible with global environmental goals.

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“…Fertilizers are also commonly believed to be one of the factors for increasing U levels in Indian aquifers. ,− In India, as agriculture represents the dominant form of land use, fertilizer use is prevalent across the subcontinent. ,, Fertilizers have been reported to contain as high as 206 μg g –1 U, but synthetic fertilizers collected from Indian agricultural fields have been found to contain only 0.37–0.95 μg U g –1 , which reportedly translates to an annual dosage of only 86.9 mg U per hectare of topsoil . Long-term field experiments with fertilizers have shown the negligible enrichment of U in the topsoil .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Potential Drivers of Elevated Uranium Prevalence in Indian Groundwaters with a Unified Speciation Model

Sujathan

Singh

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Elevated uranium (U) (>WHO limit of 30 μg L −1 ) in Indian groundwaters is primarily considered geogenic, but the specific mineralogical sources and mechanisms for U mobilization are poorly understood. In this contribution, statistical and geochemical analyses of well-constrained metadata of Indian groundwater quality (n = 342 of 8543) were performed to identify key parameters and processes that influence U concentrations. For geochemical predictions, a unified speciation model was developed from a carefully compiled and updated thermodynamic database of inorganic, organic (Stockholm Humic model), and surface complexation reactions and associated constants. Critical U contamination was found at shallow depths (<100 m) within the Indo-Gangetic plain, as determined by bivariate nonparametric Kendall's Tau b and probability-based association tests. Analysis of aquifer redox states, multivariate hierarchical clusters, and principal components indicated that U contamination was predominant not just in oxic but mixed (oxic−anoxic) aquifers under high Fe, Mn, and SO 4 concentrations, presumably due to U release from dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides or Fe sulfides and silicate weathering. Most groundwaters were undersaturated with respect to relevant U-bearing solids despite being supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO 2 (average pCO 2 of reported dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC) data = 10 −1.57 atm). Yet, dissolved U did not appear to be mass limited, as predicted solubilities from reported sediment concentrations of U were ∼3 orders of magnitude higher. Integration of surface complexation models of U on typical aquifer adsorbents, ferrihydrite, goethite, and manganese dioxide, was necessary to explain dissolved U concentrations. Uranium contamination probabilities with increasing dissolved Ca and Mn exhibited minima at equilibrium solubilities of calcite [∼50 mg L −1 ] and rhodochrosite [∼0.14 mg L −1 ], respectively, at an average groundwater pH of ∼7.5. A potential indirect control of such U-free carbonate solids on U mobilization was suggested. For locations (n = 37) where dissolved organic carbon was also reported, organic complexes of U contributed negligibly to dominant U speciation at the groundwater pH. Overall, the unified model suggested competitive dissolution−precipitation and adsorption−desorption controls on U speciation. The model provides a quantitative framework that can be extended to understand dominant mobilization mechanisms of geogenic U in aquifers worldwide after suitable modifications to the relevant aquifer parameters.

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Cadmium and Uranium in German and Brazilian Phosphorous Fertilizers

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes

Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes

Free Trade, Environment, Agriculture, and Plurilateral Treaties: The Ambivalent Example of Mercosur, CETA, and the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement

Investigation of Potential Drivers of Elevated Uranium Prevalence in Indian Groundwaters with a Unified Speciation Model

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