Cadmium and zinc phytoextraction potential of seven clones of Salix spp. planted on heavy metal contaminated soils

Abstract

The Cd and Zn accumulation and phytoextraction potential of seven willow clones was investigated in a pot experiment for two vegetation periods. Heavily polluted Fluvisol-Litavka, moderately contaminated Cambisol-Pribram, and unpolluted control Chernozem-Suchdol were used. Significant differences were found in Cd and Zn accumulation between the willow clones. Cd and Zn were transferred from roots to aboveground tissues and all tested clones confirmed higher Cd and Zn accumulation in leaves than in twigs. Cd and Zn amounts removed by willow leaves were the highest from the most polluted soil (up to 83% Cd and 71% Zn of total removal). Therefore the harvest of leaves is necessary if willows are planted for heavy metal phytoextraction. Although the extremely high Zn contamination of Fluvisol-Litavka significantly reduced biomass production, willows planted in this soil showed the highest Zn removal because of extremely high Zn accumulation (max. 5061 ppm in leaves). Clones planted in moderately contaminated soil achieved the highest Cd removal. Clones showed different abilities to remove Cd and Zn, which was dependent on soil type and contamination level. Remediation factors were determined less than 1% for Zn in the heavily polluted soil and also unsatisfactory for Cd. However, it was shown that willows were suitable phytoextractors of moderately contaminated soil. About 20% of Cd and 4% of Zn were removed by harvested biomass from the total content of soil after two vegetation periods.

Diversity of low-molecular weight organic acids synthesized by Salix growing in soils characterized by different Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations

“…The phytoextraction of elements in various Salix taxa has been discussed in numerous papers over recent years (Wieshammer et al 2007;Kuzovkina and Volk 2009;Kersten 2015). Plants growing in unpolluted and polluted areas were characterized by higher or lower efficiency of element phytoextraction (Vysloužilová et al 2003Laidlaw et al 2012. The results presented in this paper point to differences in metal translocation but there are limited data concerning the correlation between the phytoextraction of elements and the amount of LMWOAs exudated into the rhizosphere or the presence of these molecules in Salix organs.…”

Riparian Shrub Metal Concentrations and Growth in Amended Fluvial Mine Tailings

“…In our study, Zn concentrations in aboveground growth and roots of water birch appeared to be similar (Table 3). Willows often concentrate Zn in aboveground tissues whether they are grown in high Zn media in a greenhouse (Boyter et al 2009;Vyslouzilova et al 2003), in the field (Vervaeke et al 2003), or using hydroponic solutions (Punshon and Dickinson 1997;Stoltz and Greger 2002). The four willows in our study appeared to have an even aboveground and belowground Zn distribution ( Table 3), suggesting that there may be a limit to the amount of Zn readily translocated to aboveground tissues.…”

Effects of co-cropping on bioaccumulation of trace elements in Thlaspi caerulescens and Salix dasyclados

“…However, T. caerulescens accumulated As and Pb only to levels commonly found in nonaccumulator species. The efficiency of the phytoextraction process was calculated as factor of remediation (FR) from the amount of metal removed by the plant and the total content in the rooted soil volume as described by Vysloužilová et al (2003a) and Zhao et al (2003). Co-cropping decreased the remediation efficiency of the individual species except for Cd and Zn extraction from the highlycontaminated soil (Table 3).…”

“…Plants of Salix spp. accumulate in above-ground biomass more Cd and Zn than As and Pb and the capacity for trace elements accumulation depends on the clone used (Rosselli et al 2003, Vysloužilová et al 2003a. We can find species with favourable phytoextraction capacity such as S. viminalis, S. dasyclados, S. caprea, S. smithiana, and others (Greger and Landberg 2001, Vysloužilová et al 2003b, Meers et al 2005, Dos Santos Utmazian et al 2007) with respect to soil characteristics and actual contamination.…”